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This research report presents a transdisciplinary student research project on the development of climate resilience of communities on the Caribbean Island Dominica.
The research was conducted through a partnership between the Leuphana University Lüneburg and the Sustainable Marine Financing Programme (SMF) of the GIZ.
For the GIZ, the research project aimed at improving the understanding of the socio-ecological resilience framework for tackling problems of Marine Managed Areas and Marine Protected Areas. Also, it enabled new thoughts on how the GIZ and other development agencies can more effectively assists island states to better cope with the challenges of climate change.
The role of the students from the “Global Environmental and Sustainability Sciences” programme of Leuphana University included the design of four transdisciplinary research projects to research aspects of resilience of Caribbean communities.
The developing island states in the Caribbean are extremely vulnerable to more frequent and intense natural hazards while relying on the ecosystem services that are also at risk from extreme weather events, in particular Hurricanes. Low economic stability leads to a dependency of the states on international assistance. To decrease the vulnerability to shocks, counteracting measures that encourage learning and adaptation can increase the resilience against extreme weather events and their consequences.
Concepts that were considered during the design of the transdisciplinary research projects were the adaptation of systems, diversity and stakeholder participation and resilience-focused management systems. Also, the students critically assessed the concept of foreign aid and how it can be successful, mitigating the risk of introducing neo-colonial structures. Flood Management, Biodiversity, Small-Scale Agriculture and Foreign Aid on Dominica were the topics of the transdisciplinary projects. The research methods of a literature review, stakeholder mapping, interviews, scenario development and visioning were used in the projects.
In four scenarios developed in the ‘Flood Management’ project, it became evident that a broad as well as coordinated stakeholder engagement and a variety of measures are required for community resilience. A key finding of the ‘Biodiversity’ project was the identity dimension of community resilience, underlining the importance of the relationship between individuals and nature. The interlinkage of social identity processes and a resilient disaster response was also stressed by the project ‘Foreign Aid’, which highlighted that financial support is similarly important to inclusivity and reflexivity in the process of resource distribution. To recover from extreme weather events, the social memory also plays an important role. The project on ‘Small-scale Agriculture’ concluded, that the memory-making of local communities is as vital to community resilience as formal plans and trainings.
The research project was based on the research approach of transdisciplinarity because of its solution-orientation. It links different academic disciplines and concepts, and non-scientific stakeholders are included to find solutions for societal and related scientific problems. In the four projects, principles of transdisciplinary research were party applied, but some challenges arose due to the geographical distance, time constraints and a strong focus on the scientific part in some phases. Nonetheless, the findings of the projects provide valuable learning lessons to be applied in practice and that can prove useful for future research.
Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert ein (Simulations-) Modell zur Erklärung des Verhaltens von Organisationen. Der Modellentwurf basiert auf einem funktionalistischen Ansatz. Danach kann eine Organisation nur überleben, wenn es ihr gelingt, den Systemanforderungen, die sich auf Or-ganisationen richten, zu genügen. Veränderungen von Systemanforderungen bewirken daher An-passungsreaktionen, die allerdings nicht reibungslos ablaufen. Das Modell beschreibt den Verhal-tensprozess, der durch ein gestörtes Systemgleichgewicht ausgelöst wird. Als Modellvariable fun-gieren die Systemanforderungen und das zu seiner Bewältigung implementierte Institutionelle Ar-rangement sowie außerdem Sensitivität, Handlungsbereitschaft, Beharrung, Realismus, Identifika-tion, Handlungsdruck, Unsicherheit, Dysfunktion und Dissonanz. Die Simulationsrechnungen zei-gen, wie sich aus den jeweiligen Variablenkonstellationen bestimmte Verhaltensmuster herausbil-den und welche Mechanismen dafür verantwortlich sind.
Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert eine deskriptive Analyse von wichtigen Einflussgrößen auf die Zu-friedenheit. Betrachtet werden drei bedeutsame Arbeitsbedingungen und vier auf die Lebensbe-wältigung bezogene Einstellungen. Als Ausgangshypothese dient die Vermutung, dass die Korrela-tionen zwischen den Arbeitsbedingungen und der Arbeitszufriedenheit enger sind als die Korrela-tionen zwischen den Arbeitsbedingungen und der Lebenszufriedenheit. Umgekehrt ist zu vermu-ten, dass die Einstellungen einer Person sich enger mit ihrer Lebenszufriedenheit als mit der Ar-beitszufriedenheit verbinden. Als Datenbasis dient das Sozioökonomische Panel.
This research report presents a transdisciplinary student research project on developing climate resilience of communities in Marine Protected Areas in the Lesser Antilles. For the second time, the Leuphana University Lüneburg and the Sustainable Marine Financing Programme (SMF) of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) partnered up. The first project on the Caribbean Island Dominica showed that community resilience is a complex concept that is not yet well understood. Building on these findings, this year’s project broadened the scope in addressing the effect of varying local conditions on climate resilience on four different Caribbean islands: Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. For the GIZ, the research project aimed at improving the understanding of the socio-ecological resilience framework for tackling problems of Marine Managed Areas (MMA) and Marine Protected Areas (MPA). Also, it enabled new thoughts on how the GIZ and other development agencies can more effectively assist island states to better cope with the challenges of climate change. The role of the students from the “Global Environmental and Sustainability Sciences” programme of Leuphana University included the design of four transdisciplinary research projects to study the effect of varying local conditions in disaster-prone regions in the Southern Caribbean on climate resilience. The developing island states in the Caribbean are extremely vulnerable to more frequent and intense natural hazards while relying on ecosystem services that are threatened by extreme weather events, in particular Hurricanes. After such adverse events, low economic stability leads to a dependency of the states on international assistance. To decrease the vulnerability to shocks, counteracting measures that encourage learning and adaptation can increase the resilience against extreme weather events and their consequences. Concepts that were considered during the design of the transdisciplinary research projects were the adaptation of systems, diversity and stakeholder participation and resilience-focused management systems. Building on the results from last year in Dominica, the establishment of a four islands design allowed for greater comparison to better understand community approaches to solve a concrete sustainability problem: securing livelihoods while protecting natural and cultural resources. The research methods of a literature review, stakeholder mapping, semi-structured interviews, scenario development and visioning were used in the projects. A comparison of the four TD projects revealed four overarching lessons. First, all countries recognise a need for restoration and conservation projects, i.e., nature-based solutions implemented and managed by the local community in the MPA. Furthermore, all four cases show that the limited participation of local people in the management and organisation of the MPA is a factor constraining community resilience. Third, this TD project highlights the importance to distinguish climate change as an event or as a process. When climate change occurs as a series of disaster events (e.g., hurricanes, floodings, and heatwaves) in combination with s gradual degradation of natural ecosystems (e.g., coral bleaching and ocean warming), people in MPA communities show highly adaptive and restorative behaviour. Finally, this project was an attempt to realize a cross-cultural and virtual transdisciplinary project. The research approach of transdisciplinarity links different academic disciplines and concepts, and non-scientific stakeholders are included to find solutions for societal and related scientific problems. A major learning was that in virtual TD projects particular attention needs to be paid to setting clear boundaries and be explicit about success criteria. Nonetheless, the findings of the projects provide valuable learning lessons to be applied in practice and that can prove useful for future research.
Wenn in empirischen Studien nach der Arbeitszufriedenheit gefragt wird, dann zielen die verwen-deten Fragen in aller Regel auf die gesamthafte Beurteilung der Arbeitssituation und nicht etwa auf das mit der Arbeitstätigkeit verbundene Gefühlserleben. Um letzteres geht es im vorliegenden Bericht. Das Arbeitserleben ist zweifellos ein wichtiges Element, das in die Beurteilung der Arbeits-situation einfließt, es ist aber nur ein – wenngleich bedeutsamer – Faktor unter vielen anderen, die die Arbeitszufriedenheit bestimmen. Als Analysebasis dienen die Daten der Telefonumfrage des European Survey of Working Conditions (EWCTS) von 2021 in 36 europäischen Ländern. Er-gänzend werden die Daten des European Survey of Working Conditions (EWCS) von 2015 analy-siert. Berichtet wird über die Unterschiede im Arbeitserleben von Unternehmern und Arbeitneh-mern. Außerdem wird untersucht, welche Belastungsfaktoren auf das Arbeitserleben einwirken. Auf der Basis der Analyseergebnisse wird ein allgemeines Verhaltensmodell entwickelt, das, neben der Erlebniskomponente, auch die Urteilskomponente enthält. Das Arbeitserleben und die Zufrie-denheit mit den Arbeitsbedingungen werden danach ganz wesentlich von der Wertschätzung be-stimmt, die man für seine Arbeit erfährt. Die Arbeitsbelastungen und die Autonomie spielen dage-gen kaum eine Rolle. Das mindert allerdings nicht die grundsätzliche Bedeutung dieser beiden Va-riablen. Die diesbezüglich schwachen Korrelationen finden ihren Grund mutmaßlich im engen Re-ferenzrahmen der subjektiven Skalierung.