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This dissertation evaluated the efficacy of three different internet-based interventions that can be regarded as indirect interventions to reduce depression since they primarily targeted risk factors for depression. For this purpose three registered randomized controlled trials were conducted. In addition to assessing the efficacy of the interventions regarding the primary outcomes, the efficacy to reduce depression and further secondary outcomes was studied. In Study I (N=200) the efficacy of an internet-based stress management intervention (iSMI), which was adapted and tailored to career starting teachers, was compared to a waitlist control group (WLG). The participants of the intervention group (IG) reported significant reductions on the primary outcome perceived stress at post-intervention (T2) and three month follow-up (3-MFU). Furthermore, it was shown that the intervention indirectly also reduced depression at T2 and 3-MFU. The effects were sustained at an extended 6-MFU. Besides efficacy, the feasibility to complement the iSMI with a newly developed internet-based classroom management training was shown. Moreover, mediation analyses corroborated the role of problem- and emotion-focused coping skills in the intervention's effect on stress and the indirect effect of the intervention on depression through stress. Study II (N=262) demonstrated the efficacy of an internet- and app-based gratitude intervention on the reduction of primary assessed repetitive negative thoughts at T2 and 3-MFU, as compared to a WLG. The participants of the IG also reported significantly reduced depressive symptoms at T2, and 3-MFU, with significant clinically meaningful effects. The effects were sustained at an extended 6-MFU. Besides efficacy, mediation analyses showed that repetitive negative thinking mediated the gratitude intervention's effect on depression. Finally, Study III N(=351) showed that an internet-based intervention, tackling worries at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, was effective as compared to an active mental health advice group. At T2, two weeks after randomization, the IG reported significantly reduced levels on the primary outcome worry as compared to controls. Participants of the IG also reported significantly reduced levels of depression at T2, with significant clinically meaningful reductions. The extended follow-ups in the IG indicated that the improvements from baseline were sustained until the 2-MFU and the 6-MFU. In a mediation analysis, worry was shown to mediate the intervention's effect on depression. Across all three studies a reliable deterioration of depression was occasionally observed. In summary, the studies in this dissertation demonstrated the efficacy of various indirect interventions focusing on rather common psychological problems to indirectly reduce depressive symptoms. The extent to which depression severity could be reduced is comparable to reductions found within participants with comparable baseline depression severity, in internet-based interventions directly addressing depressive symptoms. Indirect interventions are suggested to increase the uptake of interventions that reduce depressive symptoms, since they might be perceived as less stigmatizing and might broaden the range of interventions to choose from.
Contemporary society is shaped by the idea that time is, above all, a scarce economic resource that must be used efficiently. Increasingly, however, scientific findings suggest that such a way of perceiving of time seems a major cause of the current global climate and sustainability crisis. Considerably less research work has been carried out in relation to the role of individual time-related needs regarding unsustainable consumption behaviour, although consumer research has been addressing needs-oriented approaches to sustainable consumption for a long time. Environmental and Sustainability Education (ESE) is considered an essential strategy to achieve the global sustainability goals of Agenda 2030. Internationally, as well as on a national level, ESE is increasingly mainstreamed in educational curricula and practice. Given the relation between time, needs and sustainability, it appears valuable to inquire into this field from the perspective of ESE. The core research interest of this cumulative dissertation is therefore the question of how the connection between time, our needs and sustainability can be conveyed through pedagogical approaches. The inquiry used an exploratory, qualitative research design to address this question. In a first step, the concept of sustainability-related time use competence was developed. This then served as a guiding concept for the understanding of time used in this work and as the overall objective for the educational intervention developed and piloted as part of the research. Next, a content analysis of German curricula was conducted with the aim of determining whether and to what extent these address the relation between time and sustainability. The results show curricula contain only a few starting points that encourage a connection between time and sustainability in school lessons. The study further indicates that an understanding of time as a scarce resource to be used efficiently has prevailed in school contexts so far. The next step involved developing and piloting a time use competence curriculum in cooperation with three partner schools, using an Action Research Approach. This intervention followed the pedagogical approach of Self-Inquiry Based Learning (SIBL) seeking to sensitise learners to the relation between individual needs and consumer behaviour. During implementation, which lasted one semester, students logged their time, were encouraged to reflect on their personal needs, and subsequently implement individual change projects related to time use. This was embedded in continuous reflective individual and group exercises. The results strengthen the hypothesis that there is a relation between time use and sustainability. Furthermore, the pedagogical approach of SIBL has proven suitable to enable students to reflect on their time use and to raise their awareness of the role of individual needs. Participants reported that changes in time use did indeed increase their personal well-being. A third empirical study was carried out, inquiring into students' time use during the period of COVID-19-induced school closures, using a Grounded Theory Approach. Since the pandemic disrupted young peoples' routines drastically, the research focused on which kinds of learning experiences students made during this time and which insights can be derived for ESE. The results of the semi-structured interviews with 69 participants show first that a variety of learning experiences are revealed, such as learning one's own learning and everyday rhythms or creatively adapting consumption habits to the new situation of "lockdown". Overall, a key finding of this work is that students are currently unable to adequately realise their time-related needs. In view of the findings from research on time and sustainability, one recommendation is therefore that everyday school life could give students more space to organise their time according to their needs. Furthermore, it would be advisable to give the topic of time in connection with sustainability more space in curricula and in teacher training. The experiences during the pandemic have shown that schools and all actors involved including students and teachers, are so far insufficiently prepared to handle crises. Here, the approach to time use competence piloted in this work can offer valuable stimulations for ESE research and practice. This is especially true since it is compatible with existing approaches to key competencies for sustainability by seeking to complement them with a stronger focus on individual, needs-oriented time shaping.
Die negativen Auswirkungen des modernen Konsumverhaltens sind heute weithin bekannt. Dennoch ist insbesondere die Modebranche weiterhin durch sehr niedrige Preise, kurze Produktlebensdauer und Massenkonsum gekennzeichnet. Eine Veränderung des Konsumverhaltens in der breiten Bevölkerung hin zu einer Reduktion von Neukäufen, einer langen Nutzungsdauer der vorhandenen Kleidung und zum Kauf ökologisch und sozial verträglich hergestellter Produkte ist aber dringend notwendig. Ein wichtiger Erfolgsfaktor für die effektive Ansprache der Konsumierenden ist die Berücksichtigung handlungsrelevanter Persönlichkeitsmerkmale auf Seiten der Zielgruppe. Die wissenschaftliche Literatur zu Prädikatoren nachhaltiger Verhaltensweisen weist darauf hin, dass persönliche Werte eine wichtige Rolle für dessen Umsetzung spielen. Gleichzeitig wirkt sich insbesondere im Kleidungskonsum auch das Geschlecht bzw. Gender der Konsumierenden auf das Verhalten aus. Ausgehend von dieser Datenlage werden in dieser Arbeit drei Themen mit Relevanz für die Nachhaltigkeitsforschung - persönliche Werte, Geschlecht/Gender und nachhaltiger Kleidungskonsum - zusammengeführt und auf ihre komplexe Wirkungsbeziehung hin untersucht. Auf Grundlage von Fokusgruppeninterviews wird erforscht, welche individuellen Wertorientierungen sich in welcher Weise und welcher Konstellation positiv auf ein nachhaltiges Kleidungskonsumverhalten auswirken und welche geschlechterspezifischen Unterschiede hierbei erkennbar werden. Durch die Berücksichtigung persönlicher konsumrelevanter Motivatoren und deren individueller Ausprägung werden Potenziale für eine zielgerichtete Verstärkung nachhaltigen Konsumverhaltens in der breiten Bevölkerung aufgedeckt. Dazu werden (1) vier Wertorientierungen mit Einfluss auf nachhaltigen Kleidungskonsum identifiziert, (2) ihre kausale Beziehung zu nachhaltigem Kleidungkonsum analysiert, (3) die geschlechtlichen Unterschiede berücksichtigt und (4) mit Gender ein Ansatzpunkt für die Erklärung der gefundenen Unterschiede angeführt. Zur Aufarbeitung der Daten wird die fsQCA zur Untersuchung des Themas nachhaltiger Kleidungskonsum angewandt. Die Natur dieser Auswertungsmethode, welche statt kausaler unidirektionaler Zusammenhänge zwischen zwei Variablen Schnittmengen zwischen zwei oder mehr Phänomenen untersucht, trägt zu einer neuen Perspektive auf die Beziehung zwischen Werten und nachhaltigem Kleidungskonsum bei. Eine Forschungsleistung dieser Arbeit besteht darin, gerade das Zusammenspiel der verschiedenen Werte zu betrachten und damit ein tieferes Verständnis von wichtigen Einflussfaktoren für nachhaltigen Kleidungskonsum zu ermöglichen - ein Ansatz, der über die bisher existierenden Forschungserkenntnisse hinausgeht. Aus den gewonnenen Resultaten werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Kommunikation von NGOs und Unternehmen mit nachhaltiger Ausrichtung abgeleitet, wie eine zielgerichtete Ansprache zur Intensitätssteigerung dieser bereits vorhandenen Bedingungen gestaltet werden kann.
Die Aufgabe ist zentrales Gestaltungsmittel von Unterricht. Verschiedene Fachdidaktiken untersuchen, aus welchen fachlichen und sprachlichen Merkmalen ihre Aufgabenstellungen aufgebaut sind und welche Bedarfe daraus für die Lehr-Lern-Situationen resultieren. Im Fach Politik bestehen diesbezüglich nur unzureichende und nicht systematisierte Forschungsergebnisse. Das Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, sich diesem politikdidaktischen Desiderat anzunehmen und die fachliche und sprachliche Komplexität von Politiklernaufgaben näher zu bestimmen, indem das Untersuchungsfeld kategorisiert wird. Hierfür wird die Erstellung und Evaluation eines fachlichen und sprachlichen Kategoriensystems für Lernaufgaben im Fach Politik dargeboten. Mithilfe dieser Kategoriensysteme werden 669 Lernaufgaben zum Thema "Das politische System der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" analysiert, 210 Lernaufgaben aus der Sekundarstufe I und 459 Lernaufgaben aus der Sekundarstufe II. Die Analyseergebnisse werden geordnet nach den folgenden Forschungsfragen präsentiert: (1) Welche fachlichen Merkmale kennzeichnen Lernaufgaben in (ausgewählten) Politik-Schulbüchern? (2) Welche sprachlichen Merkmale kennzeichnen Lernaufgaben in (ausgewählten) Politik-Schulbüchern? (3) Welche fachlichen und sprachlichen Zusammenhänge kennzeichnen Lernaufgaben in (ausgewählten) Politik-Schulbüchern? (4) Welche Schulbuch-Spezifika lassen sich auf Lernaufgabenebene identifizieren?
The requirements for the design of information and assistance systems in labour-intensive processes are interdisciplinary and have not yet been sufficiently addressed in research. This dissertation analyses, evaluates and describes possibilities for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of labour-intensive processes through design-optimised socio-technical systems. The work thus contributes to further developing information and assistance systems for industrial applications and use in healthcare. The central dimensions of people, activity, context and technology are the focus of the scientific investigations following the Design Science Research paradigm. Design principles derived from this, a corresponding taxonomy, and a conceptual reference model for the design of socio-technical systems are the results of this dissertation.
New media and digital technologies open up numerous possibilities to document different versions of reality, which makes it essential to examine how they transform the logic behind the creation and production of documentaries in digital cultures. The goal of this study is to investigate the integration between the traditional documentary and new media: the interactive documentary, in the context of the different sociocultural and technological environments of China and the West. Accordingly, a comparative study on the evolution and integration of these two fields was carried out. The documentary genre brings with it a method of classification and various modes of representing reality, while new media provide new approaches to interactivity as well as the production and distribution of interactive documentaries. In this context, the study examines the differences and characteristics of interactive documentaries in China and the West. Interactive documentaries grow and change as a continuously evolving system, engaging the roles of the author and the user, such that their roles are mixed for better co-expression and the reshaping of their shared environment. In addition, an analytical approach based on the types of interactivity was adopted to explore this new form of documentary both to deduce how the stories about our shared world can be told and to understand the impact of interactive documentaries on the construction of our versions of the reality as well as our role in it.
Protected areas are an essential tool for conserving biodiversity. However, their ecological effectiveness is contested and their capacity to resist human pressures differ. This dissertation aimed to assess the ecological effectiveness of different protection levels (from strict to less strictly protected: national park, game reserve, forest reserve, game-controlled area, and unprotected areas) in biodiversity (both mega diverse butterflies and mammals), maintaining habitat connectivity, and reducing anthropogenic threats at the wider landscape in the Katavi-Rukwa Ecosystem of southwestern Tanzania. To achieve this overarching goal, the researcher employed an interdisciplinary approach. First, he analyzed butterfly diversity and community composition patterns across protection levels in the Katavi-Rukwa Ecosystem. He found that species richness and abundance were highest in the game reserves and game-controlled areas, intermediate in the forest reserves, national park and unprotected areas. Species composition differed significantly among protection levels. Landscape heterogeneity, forest cover, and primary productivity influenced species composition. Land-use, burned areas, forest cover, and primary productivity explained the richness of species and functional traits. Game reserves hosted most indicator species. Second, the author modelled the spatial distribution of six large mammal target species (buffalo Syncerus caffer, elephant Loxodonta africana, giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis, hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus, topi Damaliscus korrigum, and zebra Equus burchellii) across environmental and protection gradients in the Katavi-Rukwa Ecosystem. Based on species-specific density surface models, he found relatively consistent effects of protection level and land-use variables on the spatial distribution of the target mammal species: relative densities were highest in the national park and game reserves, intermediate in forest reserves and game-controlled areas and lowest in un-protected areas. Beyond species-specific environmental predictors for relative densities, the results highlight consistent negative associations between relative densities of the target species and distance to cropland and avoidance of areas in proximity to houses. Third, the author examined temporal changes in land-use, population densities and distribution of six large mammal target species across protection levels between 1991 and 2018. During the surveyed period, cropland increased. Wildlife densities of most, but not all target species declined across the entire landscape. Based on logistic regression models, target species preferred the national park over less strictly protection levels and areas distant to cropland. Fourth, he quantified land-use changes, modelled habitat suitability and connectivity of elephant over time across a large protected area network in southwestern Tanzania. Based on analyses of remotely-sensed data, cropland increased from 7% in 2000 to 13% in 2019. Based on ensemble models, distance from cropland influenced survey-specific habitat suitability for elephant the most. Despite cropland expansion, the locations of the modelled elephant corridors (n=10) remained similar throughout the survey period. Based on circuit theory, the author prioritizes three corridors for protected area connectivity. Key indicators of corridor quality varied over time, whereas elephant movement through some corridors appears to have increased over time. Overall, this dissertation underpins differences in ecological effectiveness of protected areas within one ecosystem. It highlights the need to utilize a landscape conservation approach to guide effective conservation across the entire protection gradient. It also suggests the need to enforcing land use plans and having alternative and sustainable forms for generating income from the land without impairing wildlife habitat.
This cumulative dissertation presents how commercial banks in Germany communicate their ambitions and commitment regarding corporate responsibility - i.e., CSR. The results of the first article show that the quality of mandatory non-financial reporting needs to be improved and that certain characteristics (e.g., previous reporting experience, reporting format and standard) have a positive influence on reporting quality. The second article shows that the CSR reporting scope on bank websites also has room for improvement and that various banking characteristics such as size, capital market orientation, media visibility or public ownership have an influence on communication. The third article illustrates that credit institutions in Germany are increasingly using social media for CSR communication, but that CSR communication strategies differ (Facebook vs. Twitter). The fourth article discusses CSR communication using advertisements and shows that the conceptual design of advertisements should be in line with the credit institution's business model and is therefore beneficial.
To respond to the challenges of the Anthropocene, scholars from various disciplines increasingly emphasize that a mere outer transformation is insufficient and that we also need an inner transformation that addresses deep leverage points. Yet, the open questions are how the inner and outer dimensions relate to each other and how inner transformation might lead to outer transformation. How we attempt to answer these questions is determined by our dominant paradigm. Paradigms define how we understand and shape the world, and thus, they define how we conceptualize challenges, such as inner and outer transformation. Various authors argue that the dominant paradigm, which is characterized by reductionism, empiricism, dualism, and determinism, might be a root cause for insufficiently addressing sustainability challenges. As an alternative, many argue for a relational paradigm, which understands complex phenomena in terms of constitutive processes and relations. A relational paradigm might offer possibilities to reconceptualize inner and outer transformation in the Anthropocene and might shed new light on how to integrate both in sustainability science. Yet, it is still being determined how a relational paradigm can contribute to the understanding of inner and outer transformations towards sustainability in the Anthropocene. Therefore, this dissertation's overarching scope is to contribute to systems change towards a more social-ecological future by generating insights into and exploring possibilities of a relational paradigm for inner and outer transformation in the Anthropocene. This thesis is divided into three sub-questions. The first research question aims to increase the theoretical understanding of a relational paradigm. The second research question aims to develop a transformative educational case study grounded in a relational, justice-oriented approach. The third research question aims to analyze how a relational paradigm might contribute to policies and practices for sustainable lifestyles. The results indicate that inner and outer transformation in the Anthropocene can be reconceptualized as paradigm-ing relationality in the Ecocene. "Paradigm-ing" as an active verb, reconceptualizes inner and outer transformation into ontologies, epistemologies, ethics, and socialecological realities that are ongoing, nonhierarchical, nonlinear, dynamic, co-creative processes of intra-action. The Ecocene decenters the human and attends to what we might be able to intra-actand become-with. These insights can offer unexplored perspectives to address sustainability challenges and increase our capacities to respond in novel ways.
This dissertation comprises three stand-alone research papers dealing with different aspects of labor market characteristics: bonus payments and the gender pay gap; second job holding; and workers un-covered by collective bargaining. The first paper investigates whether and how non-base compensation in the form of bonus payments, overtime pay, and shift premia contributes to the gender pay gap. Unionization along with collective bargaining coverage has been on the decline on recent decades. Using German administrative data, the second paper examines which workers in firms covered by col-lective bargaining agreements still individually benefit from these union agreements, which workers are not covered anymore and what this means for their wages. The third paper studies the development and persistence of second job holding in Germany after a legislative change in the year 2003 allowed the extensive dispensation of marginal second jobs from taxes and social security contributions. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, the author documents a substantial increase in second job holding in Germany since 2003 and finds in a dynamic panel model setting that there is true state dependence in second job holding.
Stretching is primarily used to improve flexibility, decrease stiffness of the muscle- tendon unit or reduce risk of injury. This cumulative dissertation includes six studies aiming to investigate the effects of long-lasting static stretching training on maximum strength capacity, hypertrophy and flexibility in the skeletal muscle. Before starting own experimental studies, a meta-analysis of available animal research was conducted to analyze the potential of long-lasting stretching interventions on muscle mass and maximum strength. To induce long-lasting stretching on the plantar flexors and to improve standardization of the stretch training by quantifying the angle in the ankle joint while stretching, a calf muscle stretching orthosis was developed. In the following experimental studies, the orthosis was used to induce daily long- lasting static stretching stimuli with different stretching durations and intensities in the plantar flexors to assess different morphological and functional parameters. For this, a total of 311 participants were included in the studies and, dependent on the investigation, the effects of daily stretching for 10-120 minutes for six weeks were analyzed. Therefore, effects on maximal isometric and dynamic strength as well as flexibility of the plantar flexors were investigated with extended and flexed knee joint. The investigation of morphological parameters of the calf muscle was performed by determining the muscle thickness and the pennation angle by using sonographic imaging and the muscle cross-sectional area by using a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging measurement. In animals, the included systematic review with meta-analysis revealed increases in muscle mass with large effect size, muscle cross-sectional area, fiber cross-sectional area, fiber length and fiber number. The thereafter performed experimental studies from the laboratory showed a range of trivial to large increases in maximum strength and ROM dependent on stretching time, training level and testing procedure. Furthermore, significant moderate to large magnitude hypertrophy effects in muscle thickness and trivial to small increases in muscle crosssectional area were demonstrated. The results are discussed based on physiological parameters from animal studies and in the front of knowledge in resistance training, suggesting mechanical tension to be one important factor to induce muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength increases. Further explanatory approaches such as hypoxia and changes in the muscle tendon unit are debated in the following. Since these studies are the first investigations on long-lasting stretch-mediated hypertrophy in humans, further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and confirm the results in different populations to enhance the practical applicability for example in clinical populations when, e.g. counteracting muscular imbalances or sarcopenia in the elderly.
Die vorliegenden kumulativen Habilitationsschriften fokussieren auf die sozialen Prozesse, die bei der Standardisierung und der Dekonstruktion von soziokulturellen Differenzen zu Tage treten. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den Arten und Weisen, in denen verschiedene Konzepte der Diversität und Alterität in der kuratorischen Praxis globaler Musik- und Performing Arts-Festivals (de-)konstruiert werden. Aus transkultureller Perspektive werden jeweils exemplarisch die vielfältigen Politik(en) der Macht im Feld der globalen Künste diskutiert, die mit komplexen sozialen Prozessen der Normierung und Konventionalisierung als auch mit Gegenmaßnahmen und Dekolonialisierungsbestrebungen einhergehen sowie strukturierenden Rahmenbedingungen unterliegen. Dadurch wird das komplexe Zusammenspiel von Diskursen (beziehungsweise Symbolen und Narrativen) und Performanz (beziehungsweise von Praktiken und sozialen Beziehungen) als auch von Repräsentation (beziehungsweise von Politiken und Strukturen) von Diversität und Alterität im Forschungsfeld untersucht. Damit profilieren die Schriften eine postkolonial orientierte Kulturforschung, die sich sowohl auf Kontingenzen des menschlichen Zusammenlebens als auch auf ihre symbolischen Routinisierungen, soziale Ungleichheiten, ambivalente sowie konflikthafte Aushandlungsprozesse und zugrundeliegende Machtverhältnisse beziehen.
Despite warnings from scientists and from society starting in the 1970s, we have long overshot our planetary boundaries – eroding biodiversity, changing our landscapes, and polluting our soil and atmosphere. Yes, efforts to change the unsustainable trajectories of our Earth system have increased through, for example, the Millennium Goals, the Sustainable Development Goals, or the Aichi Targets, but to no avail. The interventions to increase sustainability are conflicting on local, national and global levels, and often prioritise quick-fixes and short-term solutions instead of tackling the root causes of the “sustainability gap”. We, hence, need to find “places to intervene in complex systems that bring about transformative change” (Meadows 1999) – a premise and concept that Donella Meadows calls “leverage points”. Based on her seminal work, a team from the Leuphana University has identified three “realms of leverage” in which changes may lead to system transformation (Abson et al. 2017). One of these realms is the reconnection of humans to nature. In this habilitation, I focus on this realm of leverage and aim to (1) enhance the understanding of the influence of landscape change on human-nature relations through empirical, place-based research and comparisons across landscapes in different countries and continents; (2) identify and clarify the new concepts of relational values and leverage points; and (3) highlight empirical evidence on leverage points to foster human-nature relations for sustainability transformation, building mainly on empirical work done in six landscapes in Transylvania, Romania and Lower Saxony, Germany, but also including case studies from Ethiopia and India, systematic literature reviews and conceptual pieces. This thesis showed that cultural landscapes are changing with astonishingly comparable trajectories toward unsustainable futures. Our earth’s current environmental and climate crisis will continue to erode the fundaments of sustainability, hence, re-connecting humans to nature is of outstanding significance for transformative change. Identifying leverage points and implementing an intervention to strengthen human–nature relations will be a great challenge in the coming years. One possible leverage point can be strengthening experiential and emotional dimensions, as they specifically shape the connections people have with cultural landscapes. Further, this thesis highlighted the importance of the interlinkages between shallow and deep leverage points. Our results show that structurally complex landscapes and structurally rich social relations mediated by nature are interlinked and strengthening one, may strengthen the other. Moreover, strengthening sense of place and a sense of agency may enable self- and re-organization of cultural landscapes by opening the possibility to renegotiate people’s values for values and the goals of the social-ecological system, which, in turn, may enhance the structural diversity of landscapes and small-scale agriculture. Our results presented in this thesis also lay the ground for the hypothesis that degrading landscapes might also degrade social relations, which, in turn, can lead to contrasts and conflicts between actors and social groups. Although much work is still necessary to foster transformative change, this thesis offers innovative approaches. This thesis created and popularised the “Leverage points perspective”, including “chains of leverage”, as well as producing novel insights on human-nature relations – such as the distinction of human-nature connectedness and relational values, classifying relational value groups and empirically assessing dimensions of human-nature connectedness and relational values concerning landscape change and landscape features. These novel contributions can have wide-ranging impacts on the scientific discussions and societal implementation of interventions for sustainability.
Leverage points to foster human-nature relations for sustainability transformation