Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2006 (18) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Research Paper (12)
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (1)
- Teil eines Buches (Kapitel) (1)
- Diplomarbeit (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Beitrag in Konferenzband (1)
- Bericht (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (18) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Deutschland (3)
- Germany (3)
- Auslandsaufenthalt (2)
- Export (2)
- Exports (2)
- Gewerkschaft (2)
- Haftpflichtrisiko (2)
- Versicherung (2)
- adjustment costs (2)
- congested public inputs (2)
Many plant-level studies find that average wages in exporting firms are higher than in non-exporting firms from the same industry and region. This paper uses a large set of linked employer-employee data from Germany to analyze this exporter wage premium. We show that the wage differential becomes smaller but does not completely vanish when observable and unobservable characteristics of the employees and of the work place are controlled for. For example, blue-collar (white-collar) employees working in a plant with an export-sales ratio of 60 percent earn about 1.8 (0.9) percent more than similar employees in otherwise identical non-exporting plants.
In the course of railway reforms at the end of the last century, European national governments, as well the EU Commission, decided to open markets and to separate railway networks from train operations. Vertically integrated railway companies argue that such a separation of infrastructure and operations would diminish the advantages of vertical integration and would therefore not be suitable to raise economic welfare. In this paper, we conduct a pan-European analysis to investigate the performance of European railways with a particular focus on economies of scope associated with vertical integration. We test the hypothesis that integrated railways realize economies of joint production and, thus, produce railway services on a higher level of e±ciency. To determine whether joint or separate production is more e±cient we apply an innovative Data Envelopment Analysis super-e±ciency bootstrapping model which relates the e±ciency for integrated production to a virtual reference set consisting of the separated production technology and which is applicable to other network industries as energy and telecommunication as well. Our ¯ndings are that for a majority of European Railway companies economies of scope exist.
This paper develops the concept of converging institutions and applies it to nanotechnologies. Starting point are economic and sociological perspectives. We focus on the entire innovation process of nanotechnologies beginning with research and development over di_usion via downstream sectors until implementation in final goods. The concept is applied to the nano–cluster in the metropolitan region of Grenoble and a possible converging institution is identified.
"...as a matter of fact, all that is computerized gained such an amount of reality that nothing could be more mistaken than to call the products of the information technology industry 'virtual'."