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Diese theoriegeleitete empirische Masterarbeit beleuchtet die Forschungslücke der emotionalen Führungskompetenzen als Erfolgsfaktor weiblicher Führungskräfte. Dabei wird von einer Veränderung des Führungsverständnisses in Richtung eines verstärkten Fokus der Mitarbeiterorientierung ausgegangen. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Formulierung von Implikationen für den praktischen Einsatz emotionaler Intelligenz und der darunter subsumierten Kompetenzen bei weiblichen Führungskräften. Datengrundlage bilden 14 leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews mit weiblichen und männlichen Führungskräften, Beratern und Coaches. Die Auswertung des Datenmaterials erfolgt anhand der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2010), indem die Ergebnisse durch eine Einteilung in Geschlecht, Alter und Position analysiert werden. Die Untersuchung ergibt, dass sich weibliche Führungskräfte in einem Spannungsfeld aktueller Herausforderungen befinden. Sie werden mit der Erwartungshaltung an ein vielfältiges Anforderungsprofil der modernen Führungskraft, dem Aufbruch der traditionellen Führungsphilosophie mit wachsendem Fokus der Mitarbeiterperspektive sowie der Verkörperung des weiblichen Führungsstils konfrontiert. Immer häufiger sehen sie sich dabei einem widersprüchlichen Selbstbild ausgesetzt. Damit emotionale Intelligenz als erfolgreiche Kompetenz weiblicher Führungskräfte genutzt werden kann, gilt es, bestehende Stereotype aufzubrechen und die Anwendung individueller Führungsstile zu ermöglichen.
Due to the financial markets disturbances of 2007/2008, a considerable number of financial intermediaries such as banks, credit institutions and asset management companies noticed substantial liquidity shortages, difficulties to refinance their operations as a result of a drying out of appropriate refinancing sources, and withdrawals of deposits by consumers. These turbulences in the financial markets forced governments and central banks to increase liquidity provisions to ensure a sufficient aggregate liquidity of the financial industry. Furthermore, policy-makers decided on bailouts of banks or on supporting financial intermediaries by governmental warranties or liquidity provisions to avoid a substantial number of insolvencies of banks and other financial institutions that may have rapidly deteriorated the global financial industry. In the aftermath of the crisis, politicians and economists discussed these decisions controversially because interventions by governments and central banks appear to have a deep impact on the global economy particularly in the financial industry. Moreover, legislative and regulatory authorities decided on increasing their vigilance, particularly with focus on principal-agent problems within certain sectors of the financial industry. A considerable amount of recent research papers has focused on the dynamics of liquidity shortages that suggest the recent crisis being related to both an increasing funding liquidity risk and an emerging market liquidity risk. Self-amplifying interdependencies appear to connect these two dimensions of liquidity risk that during the period 2007 to 2008 have led to the contagion effects in the global financial industry. Only little research work so far has provided evidence from the financial crisis in 2007/2008 while focusing on the German financial industry. Thus, my doctoral dissertation covers three research papers that address the occurrence of substantial liquidity risk and default probability within the German financial industry over the course of the financial crisis of 2007/2008. My first publication co-authored with Daniel Schmidt, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, entitled ‘Consumer reaction to tumbling funds - Evidence from retail fund outflows during the financial crisis 2007/2008’ focuses on funding liquidity risk of German retail funds. Contrary to the findings reported in some of the extant literature, our study indicates that over the past few years a change in investors’ behavior patterns means that investment decisions are made at short notice, and that shares are redeemed in a discriminatory manner when funds perform poorly. By using data assembled from 1672 retail funds in Germany over the period March 2008 to April 2010, we are able to show that in general, both the prior fund performance and prior net redemptions have a statistically significant influence on fund outflows. Moreover, there are indications that in recent crises situations that have resulted in the withdrawal of shares investors react fast to market signals. My second research paper entitled ‘Leveraging and risk-taking within the German banking system: Evidence from the financial crisis in 2007 and 2008’ examines the risk-taking attitudes of distinguishable German banking sectors. This study intends to examine whether the German banking system displays pro-cyclical behavior during 2000 to 2011, and to what extent specific sectors of the German banking system show significant balance sheet operations to increase their leverage during years of booming asset prices. The results of this study demonstrate that different sectors of the German banking system did operate their business more or less pro-cyclical. It also provides empirical evidence that certain banking sectors did favor refinancing their assets by short-term borrowing in the interbank market to increase their leverage during periods of extraordinary high returns in financial markets. Moreover, this study shows that banks, which operate above average leverages, tend to report a high volatility of return on assets and low distances-to-default. Finally, my third paper entitled ‘Are private banks the better banks? An insight into the ownership structure and risk-taking attitudes of German banks.’, and co-authored with Thomas Wein, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, tries to enlighten the influence of the different principal-agent relationships on the risk-taking attitudes of German banks. In this study, we propose our hypothesis that the distinguishable principal-agent relationships of German banks are significantly influencing the risk-taking attitudes of bank managers. Particularly, we intend to substantiate the theory that banks owned by dispersed shareholders or federal state authorities face a higher relevance of principal-agent problems than other banking sectors due to a missing ability to monitor bank managers. Our results underline that these problems appear to mislead bank managers showing an unreasonable risk-taking behavior. In a first stage, we rely on a theoretical model explaining that from the bank owners’ viewpoint three factors of the principal-agent relationships are determining the probability of choosing the optimal portfolio of risky assets. These factors cover the ability to control bank managers, the risk pooling capabilities of bank owners and bank managers, and the incentives of seeking high returns. To support our hypothesis we apply an empirical study to the distances-to-default of different German banking sectors. This demonstrates that risk-taking attitudes of banks are closely related to banks’ ownership. Consequently, our findings offer evidence, that legislative and regulatory authorities should increase their vigilance in terms of principal-agent problems within certain sectors of the banking industry.
Im Bereich der körperlichen Belastungsmessung lässt sich die Zusammenführung von einzelnen Eindrücken zu einem Gesamturteil überall beobachten. Trotzdem sind die ablaufenden Prozesse größtenteils ungeklärt und gerade die Gewichtung der Eindrücke ist kaum nachvollziehbar. In dieser Studie wurden 60 Probanden mithilfe eines Fahrradergometers 7,5 Minuten belastet. Jeder Proband absolvierte 3 Stufen über jeweils 2,5 Minuten mit 50, 75 und 100 Watt in unterschiedlicher Reihenfolge. Alle sechs möglichen Reihenfolgen wurden getestet. Zu jeder der Stufen wurde ein Beanspruchungsurteil erhoben. Zusätzlich wurde nach einem Gesamturteil gefragt. In den Einzelmessungen zeigen sich weder ein Positions- noch ein Carry-Over-Effekt. Trotzdem setzt die erste Beurteilung einen Anker, der sich durch die Beurteilung zieht. Die Gesamturteile der Gruppen unterscheiden sich nicht signifikant voneinander. Dafür lassen sich in der Gewichtung Tendenzen erkennen. Die höchste Stufe von 100 Watt sowie die letzte Stufe scheinen besonderes Gewicht zu bekommen, wobei der Effekt der 100 Watt-Beurteilung den Recency-Effekt überdeckt.
Entwicklungen und Potenziale der Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft im ländlichen Raum - Der Kreis Höxter
(2014)
In der vorliegenden Thesis wird ein interdisziplinäres, exploratives und handlungsorientiertes Problemgerüst durchleuchtet. Als übergeordneter Forschungsgegenstand wird zum einen der Stadt-Land-Unterschied im Rahmen kultur- und kreativwirtschaftlicher Strukturentwicklung betrachtet. Zum anderen werden konkrete Handlungsoptionen zur Förderung der Wirtschaftsbranche für regionalpolitisch Verantwortliche in ländlichen Räumen entworfen und aufgezeigt. Folgende Leitfragen werden herangezogen: Welche standortfaktoriellen Vorteile bezüglich der wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen bieten ländliche Räume für die Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft (im Gegensatz zu städtischen Räumen)? Welche Handlungsspielräume haben regional- und wirtschaftspolitisch Verantwortliche im Hinblick auf die kulturelle Entwicklung von ländlichen Räumen? Wie lässt sich konkret eine im Sinne der Standortattraktivität agierende Wirtschaftsförderung mit einer Stärkung der Kulturlandschaft vereinbaren?
Entrepreneurship is an important means for economic development and poverty alleviation . Due to the relevance of entrepreneurship, scholars call for research that contributes to the understanding of successful business creation. In order to best understand new venture creation, research needs to investigate barriers of entrepreneurship. A barrier that has received wide attention in the literature on new venture creation is capital requirements. Scholars argue that capital requirements are an entry barrier for new venture creation, as most people who start businesses have difficulties in acquiring the necessary amount of capital needed for starting the businesses. Particularly in developing countries, scholars and practitioners regard improvements in access to capital as a major solution to support new venture creation. However, besides improving access to capital, there are alternative solutions that help to deal with the problems of capital requirements and capital constraints in the process of new venture creation. In this dissertation, I argue that a possible means to master capital requirements and capital constraints in business creation is action-oriented entrepreneurship training. I draw on actionregulation theory (Frese & Zapf, 1994), theories supporting an interactionist approach (Endler & Edwards, 1986; Terborg, 1981) and on theories about career development (Arthur, 1994; Briscoe & Hall, 2006) to reason that action-oriented entrepreneurship training allows for handling capital requirements and capital constraints with regard to business creation. Specifically, I argue that action-oriented entrepreneurship training helps to deal with financial requirements and capital constraints in two ways: First, the training reduces the negative effect of capital constraints on business creation through the development of financial mental models. Second, the training supports finding employment and receiving employment income, which enable businesses creation.
Viele Betriebsgastronomien in Deutschland sehen sich vor die Herausforderung steigender Gästeansprüche, zunehmenden Kostendrucks und oftmals auch konkurrierender Speisenanbieter gestellt. Hinzu kommt in vielen Betrieben die Forderung der Gäste oder des Managements nach einem Angebot gesundheitsfördernder Speisen und Getränke. Dieses kann z. B. durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung e. V. (DGE) zertifiziert werden. Die innerbetriebliche Umsetzung und Kommunikation des erweiterten, gesundheitsfördernden Speisenangebotes muss indes gesteuert werden. Hierfür bietet sich die Erstellung einer Balanced Scorecard nach Kaplan und Norton an. Diese berücksichtigt neben finanzorientierten Kennzahlen auch ausdrücklich qualitative Ziele und stellt deren wechselseitige Einflüsse in Ursache-Wirkungs-Ketten dar. Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit spezifiziert eine Balanced Scorecard auf die Anforderungen einer Betriebsgastronomie, die ein DGE-zertifiziertes Speisenangebot etablieren möchte. Zu diesem Zweck werden für die vier Perspektiven einer Balanced Scorecard strategische Ziele vorgeschlagen und deren Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehungen grafisch in einer Strategy Map dargestellt. Die ebenfalls durchgeführte empirische Untersuchung DGE-zertifizierter Betriebe zeigt, dass durch die Einführung eines gesundheitsfördernden Speisenangebotes die Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit und Mitarbeitergesundheit positiv beeinflusst werden kann. Zudem ist eine Steigerung des Umsatzes durch die Gewinnung neuer Gäste und den Zusatzverkauf komplementärer Produkte möglich.
Since 2000, data generation has been growing rapidly from various sources, such as Internet usage, mobile devices and industrial sensors in manufacturing. As of 2011, these sources were responsible for a 1.4-fold annual data growth. This development influences practice and science equally and led to different notations, one of the most popular one is Big Data. Besides organization with a business model based solely on Big Data, companies have started to implement new technologies, methodologies and processes in order to deal with the influx of data from different sources and structures and benefit the most of it. As the progress of the implementation and the degree of professionalism regarding data analysis differs amongst industries and companies, latter ones are faced with a lack of orientation regarding their own stage of development and existing relevant capabilities in order to deal with the influx of data as only a few best practices exist. Therefore, this research project develops a maturity model for the assessment of companies capabilities in the field of data analysis with a focus on Big Data. Basis for the model development is a construction model, developed along the criteria of Design Science Research. The developed model contains the different levels of maturity and related measurements for the evaluation of a companies Big Data capabilities with a focus on topics along the dimensions data and organization. The developed model has been evaluated based an application to different companies in order to ensure the practical relevance. The structure of the thesis is the following: In a first step, a structured literature review is carried out, focussing on existing maturity models in the field of Big Data and nearby fields as Business Intelligence and Performance Management Systems. Based on the identified white spots, a design science research oriented construction model for the maturity model development is designed. This model is applied subsequently.
Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema der Erlebnisqualitätsmessung. Hierfür werden sowohl der Erlebnisbegriff als auch der Customer Experience Management Ansatz herangezogen als auch Modelle zur Qualitätsmessung analysiert. Das Customer Experience Management kann als Weiterentwicklung des klassischen Qualitätsmanagements verstanden werden und integriert insbesondere die Ansätze des Markenmanagements. Schließlich liefert der empirische Teil der Arbeit wesentliche Erkenntnisse darüber, wie Erlebnisqualität gemessen werden kann und wodurch sie beeinflusst wird. Dies erfolgt am Beispiel einer durch einen Reiseveranstalter organisierten Badepauschalreise, sodass die Ergebnisse unmittelbar in Implikationen für die künftige Gestaltung einer Urlaubsreise münden.
With this dissertation, I present a human resources approach to entrepreneurship through selection and training of small-business owners in developing countries. Entrepreneurship is an important source of employment, innovation, and general economic prosperity (Autio, 2005; Walter et al., 2005; Reynolds et al., 2005; Kuratko, 2003). In developing countries, job creation through business ownership is especially important because job opportunities are limited (Walter et al., 2005; Mead & Liedholm, 1998). Strengthening the small business sector is one of the best ways to reduce poverty and increase economic growth (Birch, 1987). Thus, this dissertation adds to the scientific literature in taking a human resources approach to entrepreneurship: selecting and training entrepreneurs. Selection has widely been researched on in various scientific fields like human resource management, industrial-, work-, and organizational psychology, but only partly focusing on selection of entrepreneurs. Regarding training, there exists a fair amount of studies that focus on entrepreneurship education, but a lot of them suffer from substantial heterogeneity and methodological flaws (Glaub & Frese (2011); McKenzie & Woodruff (2013)). The dissertation combines the ideas of using selection procedures for entrepreneurs with the idea of teaching entrepreneurial skills.
In addition to a short introduction, this thesis contains five chapters that discuss various topics in the context of labor economics in general and the manufacturing sector in Egypt in particular. Chapter one presents the institutional framework of the Egyptian labor market and the different datasets that could be used by researchers and summarizes some previous empirical studies. Then, different microeconometric methods are applied in the subsequent four chapters, using the World Bank firm-level data for the manufacturing sector in Egypt to get an empirical evidence for the following issues: determinants of using fixed-term contracts in the Egyptian labor market in the manufacturing sector in chapter two, determinants of female employment in Egyptian manufacturing firms in chapter three, ownership structure and productivity in the Egyptian manufacturing firms in chapter four and, finally, exporting behavior of the Egyptian manufacturing firms is analyzed with a special focus on the impact of workforce skills-intensity in chapter five.
To be prepared for one´s own career is a major task during career development. However, existing research has primarily focused on adolescence in the transition from school to work while research on career preparation among university students, that are challenged by successfully transiting from university to work, are lacking so far. Thus, this cumulative dissertation studies career preparation in terms of career decidedness, planning, confidence, and career engagement using large samples of German university students and alumni as well as a variety of quantitative methods like latent state-trait analysis, cross-lagged analysis, and mediation analysis with multiple mediators. In the first paper, the stable component of career indecision is investigated with longitudinal data stemming from two samples with different time lags (Sample 1: N = 363, 7 weeks; Sample 2: N = 591, 6 months). Furthermore, the combined and unique effects of career indecisiveness and generalized indecisiveness on life satisfaction are examined using a sample consisting of 469 university students. Results indicate that career indecision is determined by a stable component (i.e., trait career indecisiveness) that is associated with lower core self-evaluations, lower occupational self-efficacy, and higher perception of career barriers. Additionally, results indicate that the stable career indecision component explains 5% of the variance in student life satisfaction beyond self-evaluated generalized indecisiveness. The second paper deals with the relationships of vocational interest characteristics - interest congruence, interest differentiation, and general interest level (elevation) - with several indicators of career preparedness (i.e., career planning, occupational self-efficacy beliefs, career decidedness, and career engagement) among a sample of 239 university students. Controlling for sociodemographic variables, multiple regression analyses revealed that differentiation is positively associated with career decidedness and career engagement and elevation is positively related to occupational self-efficacy beliefs and career engagement. The third paper investigates how protean career orientation (PCO) is related to vocational identity clarity and occupational self-efficacy. Study 1 reports a 1-year, three-wave cross-lagged study among 563 university students and established that PCO preceded changes in identity and self-efficacy - but not the other way around. Based on a 6-month longitudinal study of 202 employees, Study 2 shows that identity clarity and self-efficacy mediated the effects of PCO on career satisfaction and proactive career behaviors. PCO only possessed incremental predictive validity regarding proactive career behaviors. However, specific direct or mediated effects of PCO on job satisfaction could not be confirmed. The fourth paper explores the relationships between narcissism and two indicators of career success (i.e., salary and career satisfaction) among a group of young professionals (N = 314). A model proposing that the effect of narcissism on career success is mediated by increased occupational self-efficacy beliefs and career engagement was assessed. While correlations between narcissism and the two indicators of career success were minimal, the results show a significant indirect effect on salary via occupational self-efficacy and indirect effects on career satisfaction via self-efficacy and career engagement. Overall, the different studies corroborate the crucial role of career preparation for a successful start into working life. In sum, this dissertation contributes to literature on vocational psychology by providing novel insights in terms of facilitators and outcomes of career preparation among university students and graduates. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and promising directions for future research are identified.