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- Frühere Fachbereiche (67) (entfernen)
This paper investigates the redistributive effects of taxation on occupational choice and growth. We discuss a twoñsector economy in the spirit of Romer (1990). Agents engage in one of two alternative occupations: either selfñemployment in an intermediate goods sector characterized by monopolistic competition, or employment as an ordinary worker in this sector. Entrepreneurial pro_ts are stochastic. The occupational choice under risk endogenizes the number of _rms in the intermediate goods industry. While the presence of entrepreneurial risk results in a suboptimally low number of _rms and depresses growth, nonñlinear tax schemes are partly capable of compensating the negative by effects by ex post providing a social insurance.
Credit Constraints, Idiosyncratic Risks, and Wealth Distribution in a Heterogeneous Agent Model
(2007)
This paper examines the effects of credit market imperfections and idiosyncratic risks on occupational choice, capital accumulation, as well as on the income and wealth distribution in a two sector heterogeneous agent general equilibrium model. Workers and firm owners are subject to idiosyncratic shocks. Entrepreneurship is the riskier occupation. Compared to an economy with perfect capital markets, we find for the case of serially correlated shocks that more individuals choose the entrepreneurial profession in the presence of credit constraints, and that the fluctuation between occupations increases too. Workers and entrepreneurs with high individual productivity tend to remain in their present occupation, whereas low productivity individuals are more likely to switch between professions. Interestingly, these results reverse if we assume iid shocks, thus indicating that the nature of the underlying shocks plays an important role for the general equilibrium effects. In general, the likelihood of entrepreneurship increases with individual wealth.
This paper discusses the emergence of endogenous redistributive cycles in a stochastic growth model with incomplete asset markets and heterogeneous agents, where agents vote on the degree of progressivity in the taxñtransferñscheme. The model draws from BÈnabou (1996) and ties the bias in the distribution of political power to the degree of inequality in the society, thereby triggering redistributive cycles which then give rise to a nonlinear, cyclical pattern of savings rates, growth and inequality over time.
This paper analyzes conditions for existence of a strongly rational expectations equilibrium (SREE) in models with private information, where the amount of private information is endogenously determined. It is shown that the conditions for existence of a SREE known from models with exogenously given private information do not change as long as it is impossible to use the information transmitted through market prices. In contrast, these conditions are too weak, when there is such learning from prices. It turns out that the properties of the function which describes the costs that are associated with the individual acquisition of information are important in this respect. In case of constant marginal costs, prices must be half as informative than private signals in order for a SREE to exist. An interpretation of this result that falls back on the famous Grossman–Stiglitz–Paradox is also given.
Im Sommer 1999 wurden die Beschäftigten der Fachhochschule zur Zufriedenheit am Arbeitsplatz befragt. Der Fragenbogen und die Auswertung der Ergebnisse wurden von Frauenbeauftragter und Personalrat gemeinsam durchgeführt. Schwerpunkte der Befragung bildeten die Aspekte Informationsfluss, Teilzeitarbeit sowie Fort- und Weiterbildung.
In this paper, we conduct a pan-European efficiency analysis to investigate the performance of European railways with a particular focus on economies of vertical integration. We test the hypothesis that integrated railways realize economies of scope and, thus, produce railway services with a higher level of efficiency. To determine whether joint or separate production is more efficient, we apply a Data Envelopment Analysis super-efficiency bootstrapping model which relates the efficiency for integrated production to a reference set consisting of separated firms which use a different production technology. We find that for a majority of European railways economies of scope exist.
Systemnahe Programmierung
(1999)
Im Mittelpunkt der Systemprogrammierung steht die Entwicklung, Anpassung, parametergesteuerte Generierung und Betreuung der gesamten Betriebssoftware eines DV-Systems sowie eine Unterstützung bei der Anpassung von Basissoftware und Anwendungssoftware an ein Betriebssystem. Der vorliegende Text beinhaltet folgende Themen: Beschreibung grundlegender Aspekte von Rechnerarchitektur, Sprachkonzepte höherer Programmiersprachen, systemnahe Aspekte der Programmierung, Konzepte der objektorientierten Programmierung etc.
Die Komplexitätstheorie untersucht den Aufwand, den die Ausführung von Algorithmen erfordert. Einen breiten Raum innerhalb der Komplexitätstheorie nimmt die Untersuchung von mehr oder weniger abstrakten Problemklassen ein. Der vorliegende Text konzentriert sich auf die Darstellung anwendungsbezogener Aspekte der Komplexitätstheorie wie das Auffinden von Rechenverfahren, die Definition dazu geeigneter Datenstrukturen, die Festlegung von 'Gütekriterien' für Algorithmen etc.