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Ein Java-Programm besteht aus Objekten. Ein Objekt hat einen passiven Teil, genannt Attribute, Variablen oder Slots und einen aktivierbaren Teil, genannt Methoden oder Funktionen. Ein solches Objekt ist persistent (dauerhaft), wenn es unabhängig vom Ort und der Lebensdauer seines erzeugenden Java-Programms existiert. Diese Art von Persistenz versprechen objektorientierte Datenbankmanagementsysteme (OODBMS). Am OODBMS-Beispiel POET werden im vorliegenden Bericht die tatsächlich realisierbaren Leistungen 'provokativ' hinterfragt.
Combinatorial optimization is still one of the biggest mathematical challenges if you plan and organize the run-ning of a business. Especially if you organize potential factors or plan the scheduling and sequencing of opera-tions you will often be confronted with large-scaled combinatorial optimization problems. Furthermore it is very difficult to find global optima within legitimate time limits, because the computational effort of such problems rises exponentially with the problem size. Nowadays several approximation algorithms exist that are able to solve this kind of problems satisfactory. These algorithms belong to a special group of solution methods which are called local search algorithms. This article will introduce the topic of simulated annealing, one of the most efficient local search strategies. This article summarizes main aspects of the guest lecture Combinatorial Optimi-zation with Local Search Strategies, which was held at the University of Ioannina in Greece in June 1999.
Der Aufsatz beschreibt die Erfahrungen im Bereich des Electronic Government (E-Government), die im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes eGOV gemacht wurden. Die Bedeutung von E-Government als Reform- und Modernisierungskonzept erfreut sich wachsender Beachtung.
This paper investigates the redistributive effects of taxation on occupational choice and growth. We discuss a twoñsector economy in the spirit of Romer (1990). Agents engage in one of two alternative occupations: either selfñemployment in an intermediate goods sector characterized by monopolistic competition, or employment as an ordinary worker in this sector. Entrepreneurial pro_ts are stochastic. The occupational choice under risk endogenizes the number of _rms in the intermediate goods industry. While the presence of entrepreneurial risk results in a suboptimally low number of _rms and depresses growth, nonñlinear tax schemes are partly capable of compensating the negative by effects by ex post providing a social insurance.
Übersicht über Aspekte der modernen Kindheit
Using unique recently released nationally representative high-quality data at the plant level, this paper presents the first comprehensive evidence on the relationship between productivity and size of the export market for Germany, a leading actor on the world market for manufactured goods. It documents that firms that export to countries inside the euro-zone are more productive than firms that sell their products in Germany only, but less productive than firms that export to countries outside the euro-zone, too. This is in line with the hypothesis that export markets outside the euro-zone have higher entry costs that can only by paid by more productive firms.
PeTAL Document Type Definition, Syntaxbeschreibung des XML-Standards zur Annotation von Bildern.
We analyze the optimal dynamic scale and structure of a two-sectoreconomy, where each sector produces one consumption good and one specific pollutant. Both pollutants accumulate at di_erent rates to stocks which damage the natural environment. This acts as a dynamic driving force for the economy. Our analysis shows that along the optimal time-path (i) the overall scale of economic activity may be less than maximal; (ii) the time scale of economic dynamics (change of scale and structure) is mainly determined by the lifetime of pollutants, their harmfulness and the discount rate; and (iii) the optimal control of economic scale and structure may be non-monotonic. These results raise important questions about the optimal design of environmental policies.