Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Research Paper (25)
- Bericht (13)
- Diplomarbeit (5)
- Dissertation (4)
- Beitrag in Konferenzband (2)
- Sonstiges (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (50) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Export (8)
- Deutschland (7)
- Exports (7)
- Germany (6)
- Produktivität (6)
- productivity (6)
- micro data (4)
- Personenbezogene Daten (3)
- Versicherung (3)
- Arbeitsproduktivität (2)
- Auslandsinvestition (2)
- Discrimination (2)
- Diskriminierung (2)
- Elfter September (2)
- Gewerkschaft (2)
- September 11th (2)
- Unternehmensgründung (2)
- adjustment costs (2)
- congested public inputs (2)
- deregulation (2)
- ecosystem services (2)
- foreign direct investment (2)
- heterogeneous firms (2)
- insurance (2)
- natural monopoly (2)
- union membership (2)
- wages (2)
- Öffentliches Gut (2)
- Ökonomie <Begriff> (2)
- Ökosystem (2)
- Abwasseranalyse (1)
- Agrarplanung (1)
- Agrarökosystem (1)
- Algorithmus (1)
- Anfang (1)
- Anpassungskosten (1)
- Arbeitgeber (1)
- Arbeitnehmer (1)
- Arbeitslosigkeit (1)
- Art (1)
- Ausfuhrüberschuss (1)
- Auslandsaufenthalt (1)
- Auslandsmitarbeiter (1)
- Automobilindustrie (1)
- Ballungsraum (1)
- Berufswahl (1)
- Beschäftigung (1)
- Betrieb / Umwelt (1)
- Betriebsrat (1)
- Bevölkerungswachstum (1)
- Biodiversität (1)
- Biologische Abwasserreinigung (1)
- Biotechnologie (1)
- Congestion (1)
- DSGE model (1)
- Deregulierung (1)
- Deutsche <Bundesrepublik> (1)
- East Germany (1)
- Eductive Stability (1)
- Efficiency (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Einkommensunterschied (1)
- Einkommensverteilung (1)
- Eisenbahn (1)
- Emission (1)
- Ende (1)
- Energieweltwirtschaft (1)
- Entry (1)
- Environmental Monitoring (1)
- Erwartung (1)
- Europa (1)
- Excludable and Non-excludable Public Goods (1)
- Exit from unemployment (1)
- Export entry (1)
- Export-sales ratio (1)
- Fiscal and institutional policy (1)
- Fiskalpolitik (1)
- Flow-Shop-Problem (1)
- Flow-Shop-Scheduling (1)
- Forschung und Entwicklung (1)
- Geographie (1)
- German unions (1)
- Gewerkschaftsmitglied (1)
- Globalisierung (1)
- Governmental activity (1)
- Growth (1)
- Haftpflichtrisiko (1)
- Heterogenität (1)
- Informatics (1)
- Informatik (1)
- Integration (1)
- Interessenverband (1)
- Islam (1)
- Islamistic terror (1)
- Israel (1)
- Kind (1)
- Klärschlamm (1)
- Konvergenz (1)
- Kraftfahrtversicherung (1)
- Kraftfahrzeugindustrie (1)
- Kreditkontrolle (1)
- Kulturelle Anpassung (1)
- Labor productivity (1)
- Learning (1)
- Lernen (1)
- Lineares Regressionsmodell (1)
- Lohn (1)
- Lokales Suchverfahren (1)
- Luftaustausch (1)
- Machado/Mata decomposition (1)
- Maschinenbelegungsplanung (1)
- Meerwasser (1)
- Monopol (1)
- Monopolistic Competition (1)
- Monopolistische Konkurrenz (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nanotechnologie (1)
- Nascent entrepreneurs (1)
- Natürliches Monopol (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- New Economic Geography (1)
- New Economy (1)
- Ostdeutschland (1)
- Personalpolitik (1)
- Persönlichkeit (1)
- Politische Verfolgung (1)
- Politisches Handeln (1)
- Postmoderne (1)
- Product Differentiation (1)
- Produktdifferenzierung (1)
- Produktionsplanung (1)
- R&D (1)
- Railway Industry (1)
- Rational Expectations (1)
- Reality (1)
- Rechtsvergleich (1)
- Regulierung (1)
- Reihenfolgeplanung (1)
- Risiko (1)
- Risikoanalyse (1)
- Risikokapital (1)
- Selbständigkeit (1)
- Simulated Annealing (1)
- Staatstätigkeit (1)
- Stabilität (1)
- Stochastik (1)
- Umweltökonomie (1)
- Umweltüberwachung (1)
- Unsicherheit (1)
- Unternehmensplanung (1)
- Unternehmer (1)
- Verband der Netzbetreiber (1)
- Verhandlungsführung (1)
- Vertical Integration (1)
- Vertical Linkages (1)
- Verwaltung (1)
- Verwaltungsinformatik (1)
- Verwaltungsreform (1)
- Virtuality (1)
- Wasserwirtschaft (1)
- Wasserzyklus (1)
- Water Recycling (1)
- Water Resources Management (1)
- Wertpapieremission (1)
- West Germany (1)
- Westdeutschland (1)
- Wirtschaftspsychologie (1)
- Wirtschaftswachstum (1)
- Wissensproduktion (1)
- World Wide Web 2.0 (1)
- XML-Standard (1)
- Zerfall (1)
- agglomeration (1)
- agro-biodiversity (1)
- agro-ecosystem management (1)
- atmosphere (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- biotechnology (1)
- continuous treatment (1)
- converging institutions (1)
- converging technologies (1)
- credit constraints (1)
- decline in German unionism (1)
- decomposition (1)
- dose-response function (1)
- dynamic economy-environment interaction (1)
- earnings differential (1)
- ecological-economic systems (1)
- ecosystem management (1)
- employment (1)
- exit (1)
- export exit (1)
- exporter wage premium (1)
- free-riding (1)
- globalization (1)
- infant entrepreneurs (1)
- integration (1)
- interest groups (1)
- knowledge production function (1)
- labour productivity (1)
- linked employer-employee data (1)
- literature survey (1)
- multi-pollutant emissions (1)
- nanotechnologies (1)
- non-monotonic control (1)
- occupational choice (1)
- optimal scale (1)
- power industry (1)
- public good (1)
- public inputs (1)
- quantile regression decomposition (1)
- quantile regressions (1)
- regional growth (1)
- risk-aversion (1)
- seawater (1)
- self-employment (1)
- startup (1)
- stochastic (1)
- stock pollution (1)
- sustainability (1)
- systemic risks (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- union density (1)
- venture capital (1)
- viability (1)
- virtual (1)
- wealth distribution (1)
- works councils (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- Übervölkerung (1)
Institut
- Frühere Fachbereiche (50) (entfernen)
Multilayer neural networks
(2004)
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit untersucht die Möglichkeiten, durch Mediation Konflikte bei Geschäftsverhandlungen zwischen unterschiedlichen Ländern und Kulturen zu schlichten.
This paper examines whether the labor market prospects of Arab men in England are influenced by recent Islamistic terrorist attacks and the war on Iraq. We use data from the British Labour Force Survey from Spring 2001 to Winter 2006 and treat the terrorist attacks on the USA on September 11th, 2001, the Madrid train bombings on March 11th, 2004 and the London bombings on July 7th, 2005, as well as the beginning of the war on Iraq on March 20th, 2003, as natural experiments possibly having led to a change in attitudes toward Arab or Muslim men. Using treatment group definitions based on ethnicity, country of birth, current nationality, and religion, evidence from regression-adjusted di_erence-in-di_erences-estimators indicates that the real wages, hours worked and employment probabilities of Arab men were unchanged by the attacks. This finding is in line with prior evidence from Europe.
This paper studies the empirical effect of risk classification in the mandatory third-party motor insurance (TPMI) of Germany. We find evidence that inefficient risk categories had been selected in this market while potentially efficient information may have been dismissed. Risk classification did generally not improve the efficiency of contracting or the composition of insureds in this market. These findings can be partly explained by the existence of compulsory fixed coverage and other institutional restraints such as unitary owner insurance in this market.
This thesis has been designed to improve the understanding of the distribution pattern and transport mechanisms of alkylphenols and the phthalates in the coastal margins, especially the roles of the air-sea exchanges in these processes. Henry’s Law Constants (HLC) were determined for the diastereomeric mixture of NP and t- OP in artificial seawater over given temperature range using a dynamic equilibrium system. An analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous extraction and determination of trace tertiary octylphenol (t-OP), technical nonylphenol isomers (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate isomers (NP1EO) and the phthalates in the atmosphere and sea water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The method was successfully applied to the determination of APs and the phthalates in the atmosphere and sea water samples collected from the North Sea. A decreasing concentration profile of NP, t-OP, NP1EO and the phthalates appeared as the distance from the coast increased to the central part of the North Sea. Air-sea exchanges of t-OP, NP, DBP, BBP, and DEHP were estimated using the two-film resistance model based upon relative air-water concentrations. The average of air-sea exchange fluxes indicates a net deposition is occurring. These results suggest that the air–sea vapour exchange is an important process that intervenes in the mass balance of alkylphenols and the phthalates in the North Sea.
Information technology and administrative reform : will the time after E-Government be different?
(2003)
Dieser Aufsatz wurde anlässlich eines Symposiums in einer Festschrift zu Ehren von Prof. Dr. Heinrich Reichmann veröffentlicht. Es geht um seine Verdienste im Bereich Electronic Government (E-Government) und Verwaltungsreform.
Investigations of different activated sludge samples were performed in order to evaluate the influence of aerobic activated sludge SRT on digester gas production during anaerobic sludge stabilisation. A decrease of anaerobic sludge degradation efficiency and in turn, a decrease of gas production could be confirmed as SRT was raised. Furthermore, simple test methods to predict digester gas production were tested which may be used for on site purposes.
When screening projects for potential investment placements, Venture Capitalists have to base their decision on the information provided in the business plan. The aim of this study is to make VCs aware of the influence of various factors which are discussed in business plans, such as the management team and risk minimising strategies. In order to do this, the business plans of four companies which received investment placements were analysed. The analysis revealed the two main success factors to be industrial experience and a filled product pipeline. The results also suggested that the business plan in its current form may not cover all the information needed for an optimal result. However, since this work is only a first approach further research needs to be carried out.
This paper analyzes, within a regional growth model, the impact of productive governmental policy and integration on the spatial distribution of economic activity. Integration is understood as enhancing territorial cooperation between the regions, and it describes the extent to which one region may benefit from the other region’s public input, e.g. the extent to which regional road networks are connected. Both integration and the characteristics of the public input crucially affect whether agglomeration arises and if so to which extent economic activity is concentrated: As a consequence of enhanced integration, agglomeration is less likely to arise and concentration will be lower. Relative congestion reinforces agglomeration, thereby increasing equilibrium concentration. Due to the congestion externalities, the market outcome ends up in suboptimally high concentration.
This paper presents the first empirical test with German establishment level data of a hypothesis derived by Helpman, Melitz and Yeaple in a model that explains the decision of heterogeneous firms to serve foreign markets either trough exports or foreign direct investment: only the more productive firms choose to serve the foreign markets, and the most productive among this group will further choose to serve these markets via foreign direct investments. Using a non-parametric test for first order stochastic dominance it is shown that, in line with this hypothesis, the productivity distribution of foreign direct investors dominates that of exporters, which in turn dominates that of national market suppliers.
While the role of exports in promoting growth in general, and productivity in particular, has been investigated empirically using aggregate data for countries and industries for a long time, only recently have comprehensive longitudinal data at the firm level been used to look at the extent and causes of productivity differentials between exporters and their counterparts which sell on the domestic market only. This papers surveys the empirical strategies applied, and the results produced, in 45 microeconometric studies with data from 33 countries that were published between 1995 and 2004. Details aside, exporters are found to be more productive than non-exporters, and the more productive firms self-select into export markets, while exporting does not necessarily improve productivity.
Using unique recently released nationally representative high-quality longitudinal data at the plant level, this paper presents the first comprehensive evidence on the relationship between exports and productivity for Germany, a leading actor on the world market for manufactured goods. It applies and extends the now standard approach from the international literature to document that the positive productivity differential of exporters compared to non-exporters is statistically significant, and substantial, even when observed firm characteristics and unobserved firm specific effects are controlled for. For West German plants (but not for East German plants) some empirical evidence for self-selection of more productive firms into export markets is found. There is no evidence for the hypothesis that plants which start to export perform better in the three years after the start than their counterparts which do not start to sell their products on the world market. Results for West Germany support the hypothesis that the productivity differential between exporters and nonexporters is at least in part the result of a market driven selection process in which those export starters that have low productivity at starting time fail as a successful exporter in the years after the start, and only those that were more productive at starting time continue to export.
Abstract: A recent survey of 54 micro-econometric studies reveals that exporting firms are more productive than non-exporters. On the other hand, previous empirical studies show that exporting does not necessarily improve productivity. One possible reason for this result is that most previous studies are restricted to analysing the relationship between a firm’s export status and the growth of its labour productivity, using the firms’ export status as a binary treatment variable and comparing the performance of exporting and non-exporting firms. In this paper, we apply the newly developed generalised propensity score (GPS) methodology that allows for continuous treatment, that is, different levels of the firms’ export activities. Using the GPS method and a large panel data set for German manufacturing firms, we estimate the relationship between a firm’s export-sales ratio and its labour productivity growth rate. We find that there is a causal effect of firms’ export activities on labour productivity growth. However, exporting improves labour productivity growth only within a sub-interval of the range of firms’ export-sales ratios.
This paper contributes to the flourishing literature on exports and productivity by using a unique newly available panel of exporting establishments from the manufacturing sector of Germany from 1995 to 2004 to test three hypotheses derived from a theoretical model by Hopenhayn (Econometrica 1992): (H1) Firms that stop exporting in year t were in t-1 less productive than firms that continue to export in t. (H2) Firms that start to export in year t are less productive than firms that export both in year t-1 and in year t. (H3) Firms from a cohort of export starters that still export in the last year of the panel were more productive in the start year than firms from the same cohort that stopped to export in between. While results for West Germany support all three hypotheses, this is only the case for (H1) and (H2) in East Germany.
Many public goods are characterized by rivalry and/or excludability. This paper introduces both non-excludable and excludable public inputs into a simple endogenous growth model. We derive the equilibrium growth rate and design the optimal tax and user-cost structure. Our results emphasize the role of congestion in determining this optimal financing structure and the consequences this has in turn for the government’s budget. The latter consists of fee and tax revenues that are used to finance the entire public production input and that may or may not suffice to finance the entire public input, depending upon the degree of congestion. We extend the model to allow for monopoly pricing of the user fee by the government. Most of the analysis is conducted for general production functions consistent with endogenous growth, although the case of CES technology is also considered.
Using panel data from Spain Farinas and Ruano (IJIO 2005) test three hypotheses from a model by Hopenhayn (Econometrica 1992): (H1) Firms that exit in year t were in t-1 less productive than firms that continue to produce in t. (H2) Firms that enter in year t are less productive than incumbent firms in year t. (H3) Surviving firms from an entry cohort were more productive than non-surviving firms from this cohort in the start year. Results for Spain support all three hypotheses. This paper replicates the study using a unique newly available panel data sets for all manufacturing plants from Germany (1995 – 2002). Again, all three hypotheses are supported empirically.
In the course of railway reforms at the end of the last century, European national governments, as well the EU Commission, decided to open markets and to separate railway networks from train operations. Vertically integrated railway companies argue that such a separation of infrastructure and operations would diminish the advantages of vertical integration and would therefore not be suitable to raise economic welfare. In this paper, we conduct a pan-European analysis to investigate the performance of European railways with a particular focus on economies of scope associated with vertical integration. We test the hypothesis that integrated railways realize economies of joint production and, thus, produce railway services on a higher level of e±ciency. To determine whether joint or separate production is more e±cient we apply an innovative Data Envelopment Analysis super-e±ciency bootstrapping model which relates the e±ciency for integrated production to a virtual reference set consisting of the separated production technology and which is applicable to other network industries as energy and telecommunication as well. Our ¯ndings are that for a majority of European Railway companies economies of scope exist.
Strong sustainability, according to the common definition, requires that different natural and economic capital stocks have to be maintained as physical quantities separately. Yet, in a world of uncertainty this cannot be guaranteed. To therefore define strong sustainability under uncertainty in an operational manner, we propose to use the concept of viability. Viability means that the different components and functions of a dynamic, stochastic system at any time remain in a domain where the future existence of these components and functions is guaranteed with sufficiently high probability. We develop a unifying and general ecological-economic concept of viability that encompasses the traditional ecological and economic notions of viability as special cases. It provides an operational criterion of strong sustainability under conditions of uncertainty. We illustrate this concept and demonstrate its usefulness by applying it to livestock grazing management in semi-arid rangelands.