Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2015 (23) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Dissertation (19)
- Masterarbeit (2)
- Bachelorarbeit (1)
- Buch (Monographie) (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (23) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Landwirtschaft (3)
- Nachhaltigkeit (3)
- social-ecological systems (3)
- Biodegradation (2)
- Kulturlandschaft (2)
- cultural landscape (2)
- landscape ecology (2)
- Agrarsystem (1)
- Anticancer Drug (1)
- Aquatic environment (1)
- Artenreichtum (1)
- Biochar (1)
- Biodiversität (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Biomass burning (1)
- Decision-Making (1)
- Developing countries (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Energieeffizienz (1)
- Energiewende (1)
- Entrepeneurship (1)
- Entscheidungsprozess (1)
- Fatty Acids (1)
- Feuchtgebiet (1)
- Gemeinwohl (1)
- Gesundheitspolitik (1)
- Großbritannien (1)
- Hochschulwahl (1)
- Holocene (1)
- Hydrological tracers (1)
- Ili Delta (1)
- Interessenverband (1)
- Israel (1)
- Kasachstan (1)
- Klimaänderung (1)
- Landschaftsschutz (1)
- Landschaftsökologie (1)
- Leasing (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Lobbyismus (1)
- Mittelstand (1)
- Natürliche Ressourcen (1)
- Pesticide formulation (1)
- Pestizid (1)
- Photodegradation (1)
- Photolysis (1)
- Politik (1)
- Rundfunk (1)
- Schädlingsbekämpfung (1)
- Soil quality (1)
- Sustainable Product-Service (1)
- Textile Leasing (1)
- Textilien (1)
- Thermal energy storage (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- UV photolysis (1)
- University Choice (1)
- Vögel (1)
- Wassermangel (1)
- Windenergie (1)
- Wissensmanagement (1)
- Wärmespeicher (1)
- Zahnschmelz (1)
- agriculture (1)
- business creation (1)
- capital requirements (1)
- climate change (1)
- developing countries (1)
- energy efficiency (1)
- energy transition (1)
- entrepreneurship (1)
- farmland birds (1)
- genotoxicity (1)
- governance (1)
- health care market (1)
- knowledge management (1)
- lobbyism (1)
- parasitoids (1)
- pesticides (1)
- seed predation (1)
- species diversity (1)
- sustainability (1)
- training (1)
- transformation (1)
- transformation products (1)
- wetlands (1)
- whole mixture toxicity (1)
- wind energy (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- Ökosystemmanagement (1)
Institut
- Fakultät Nachhaltigkeit (6)
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie und Umweltchemie (INUC) (3)
- Nachhaltigkeitsmgmt./-ökologie (3)
- BWL (2)
- Chemie (2)
- Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften (2)
- Institut für Ökologie (IE) (2)
- Fakultät Kulturwissenschaften (1)
- Institut für Kultur und Ästhetik Digitaler Medien (ICAM) (1)
- Institut für Nachhaltigkeitssteuerung (INSUGO) (1)
- Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre (IVWL) (1)
Traditional farming landscapes typically support exceptional biodiversity. They evolved as tightly coupled social-ecological systems, in which traditional human land-use shaped highly heterogeneous landscapes. However, these landscapes are under severe threats of land-use change which potentially pose direct threats to biodiversity, in particular through land-use intensification and land abandonment. Navigating biodiversity conservation in such changing landscapes requires a thorough understanding of the drivers that maintain the social-ecological system. This dissertation aimed to identify system properties that facilitate biodiversity conservation in traditional farming landscape, focusing specifically on birds and large carnivores in the rapidly changing traditional farmland region of Southern Transylvania, Romania. In order to identify these properties, I first examined the effects of local and landscape scale land-use patterns on birds and large carnivores and how they may be affected by future land-use change (Chapters II-V). Second, to gauge the role of particular traditional land-use elements for biodiversity I focused on the conservation value of traditional wood pastures (Chapters VI-VIII). Third, I took a social-ecological systems approach to understand how links between the social and ecological parts of the system affect human-bear coexistence (Chapters IV and IX). Bird diversity was supported by the broad gradients of woody vegetation cover and compositional heterogeneity. Land-use intensification, and hence the loss of woody vegetation cover and homogenization of land covers, would thus negatively affect biodiversity. This was especially evident from predictions on the distribution of the corncrake (Crex crex) in response to potential future land cover homogenization. Here, a moderate reduction of land cover diversity could drastically reduce the extent of corncrake habitat. Further results showed that the brown bear (Ursus arctos) would mainly be affected by land-use change through the fragmentation of large forest blocks, especially if land-use change would reduce habitat connectivity to the presumed source population in the Carpathian Mountains. Moreover, this dissertation revealed that large carnivores (brown bear and wolf, Canis lupus) may have important and often ignored roles in structuring the ecosystem of traditional farming landscapes by limiting herbivores. Wood pastures were found to have a high conservation value. The combination of low-intensity used grasslands with old scattered trees provided important supplementary habitat for different forest species such as woodpeckers and the brown bear. Worryingly, current management of wood pastures differed from traditional techniques in several aspects, which may threaten their persistence in the landscape. The majority of people had a positive perception on human-bear coexistence. The use of traditional sheep herding techniques combined with the tolerance of some shepherds to occasional livestock predation facilitated coexistence in a region where both carnivores and livestock are present. More generally, the genuine links between people and their environment were important drivers of people´s positive views on coexistence. However, perceived failures of top-down managing institutions could potentially erode these links and reduce people´s tolerance towards bears. Through the consideration of two different animal taxa, this dissertation revealed six important system properties facilitating biodiversity conservation in traditional farming landscapes. Similar proportions of the main land-use types (arable land, grassland, and forests) support species richness at the regional scale possible through habitat connectivity and continuous spill-over between land-use types. Heterogeneous landscapes can further support biodiversity through complementation and supplementation of habitat at the landscape scale. Gradients of woody vegetation cover and heterogeneity, supported biodiversity at both local and landscape scales possibly through the provision of a wide range of resources. The heterogeneous character of the landscape is tightly linked to traditional land-use practices, which also maintain specific traditional land-use elements and facilitate human-carnivore coexistence. Top-down limitation of large carnivores on herbivores possibly enhances vegetation growth and tree regeneration. The genuine links between humans and nature support human-bear coexistence, and these links may form the core of people´s values and sustainable use of natural resources.
Heating is most important part of thermal energy demand, and accounts for large amounts ofenergy consumption in cold regions. Renewable energy sources will be of great importance inorder to cover future energy demands. However, their intermittency is rightly considered asinconvenient. Thus, a more effective management of demand, coupled with efficient storagesystems is required. Based on this perception, thermal systems coupled with electricityproduction have been efficiently designed, they are the so called “combined heat and power”(micro-CHP). Nonetheless, heat losses from the thermal part of their system lead to electricityfluctuation. Therefore, the use of micro-CHP in combination with a volume-efficient and nearlylossless heat storage system to counteract electricity fluctuations is a viable solution.The heat storage system in this work is based on reversible thermochemical reactions, suchas dehydration and hydration of inorganic salts, which exhibits very high energy density (up to628 kWh·m-3 of storage material). The chosen inorganic salt (SrBr2·6H2O) reacting with purewater vapour operates within a closed system. The objective of this work is to design a systemthat thermodynamically matches the combination with micro-CHP. Therefore, investigationshave been performed from the material at micro-scale to the system at lab-scale. Models weredeveloped on the basis of heat and mass transfer with chemical reaction and were done in orderto numerically analyse the system. Experiments were additionally performed to consolidate thenumerical tools for future studies. Characterization experiments have been designed and tested.Thermo-physical properties (thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, permeability, chemicalkinetics) of the reactive salt were then determined to be used as parameters into the sodeveloped models.The numerical simulations lead to the time-space evolution of heating fluid, reactive bedtemperatures and reactor pressure. The originality of this study is to model the coupled heat andmass transfer with chemical reaction on a 3D geometry to be close to the reality. Results help tonumerically and experimentally analyse the thermochemical heat storage performances. Thebed energy density is experimentally found to be 531 kWh·m-3 of salt hydrate. Based on thecondensation temperature during the experimentation, a reactor energy density of 140 kWh·m-3and a storage capacity of 65 kWh with a thermal efficiency of 0.78 are obtained. This systemproves the recovery capacity of more than 2/3 of the input energy. Various aspects of design andrecommendation for optimisation aspect that could help during prototype development aretaken into account and addressed. Comparison simulation-experiment is then performed anddiscussed, showing encouraging results, even if limited at lab-scale.