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In contrast to the U.S., little research on the impact of structural racism in education in Germany has been conducted so far. Also, the Critical Race Theory (CRT) has little to no relevance in education. As school significantly influences the further life of children and young people, equal opportunities must be ensured to prevent the reinforcement of the social division in Germany. Therefore, this work will examine whether findings from studies in the U.S. can be transferred to the German educational system since both countries struggle with a substantial rise in racism, racially motivated violence, and hate.Hence this work aims to answer the following research question: How does the CRT influence the U.S. educational system and to what extent can these findings be transferred to the German context? First, key terms and the Critical Race Theory will be defined, which are at the core of education reforms and controversies in the US. Then, the history of the U.S. will be examined to contextualise the status quo of the educational system in the U.S. With this background knowledge and drawing from the theoretical framework of CRT, recent educational reforms and their impact will be analysed. Lastly, based on these findings, possible implications for Germany will be formulated.
Woman, Stand Straight: An Integrated Lutheran Feminist Theological Concept of Human Flourishing
(2022)
Beginning with the theology of Martin Luther and drawing on a selection of feminist theologians, this thesis proposes a relational, agential model of human flourishing. It is rooted in Luther's doctrines of the hiddenness of God and of God’s alien and proper work in the lives of believers. Such an approach gives rise to questions concerning human freedom and agency, sin, and the nature of our relationship with God and with other persons. Many feminist theologies provide an inadequate account of sin and its effects on the person and their relationships. This thesis asserts that taking sin and its effects seriously is essential to developing a secure and healthy self, and a healthy relationship with God and other persons. It therefore proposes a reworked understanding of religious incurvature as a relational model of sin which supports the goal of human flourishing. This concept of the self curved either inwards, or towards another, speaks to the nature of sin in its traditional understanding of sin as pride, as well as addressing feminist criticisms that the notion of sin as pride is not relevant to the needs and experiences of women. The model of human flourishing proposed here is specifically Christian in its assertion that we do not exist as persons, are not fully human, without our being in relationship with the triune God and other created persons. We flourish in community. Further, it supports the idea that true Christian freedom consists of a life dedicated to service of God and others.