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Vocational integration of refugees : chances and challenges of refugee (social) entrepreneurship
(2019)
In recent years, especially since 2015, Germany and other European countries have accepted high numbers of refugees. The social and vocational integration of these refugees and of those yet to come represents a challenge. (Social) entrepreneurship is one means to achieve this goal, to fully tap into the potential of refugees and to give them a chance to make a living in host countries. This dissertation examines the potential of vocational integration of refugees through (social) entrepreneurial activities. It includes a detailed literature review and suggests possible direction in the emerging field of refugee (social) entrepreneurship. This dissertation shows that to foster refugee (social) entrepreneurship, the identification and evaluation of specific and potential needs for support is essential. Incubators in particular have a high potential for supporting refugee entrepreneurs, in part it is possible for them to address some of the challenges faced by this target group, which differ from those of locals or migrant entrepreneurs. More specifically, this dissertation aims to answer two research questions: (1) What are relevant (social) entrepreneurial concepts that can contribute to the vocational integration of refugees? (2) What are the distinct contributions of and challenges faced by refugees when it comes to their vocational integration through (social) entrepreneurial activities? Analyzing select practical cases, this dissertation has several important implications for researchers who seek to bridge the gap between academia and society in the context of refugee entrepreneurship and refugee social entrepreneurship research. The findings presented here are also relevant for practitioners, for example those working at business incubators, who aim to facilitate the vocational and social integration of refugees in general and refugees with entrepreneurial aspirations in particular.
In der transdisziplinären Nachhaltigkeitsforschung sollen mit partizipativen Forschungsansätzen Lösungen für einen gesellschaftlichen Wandel hin zur Nachhaltigkeit generiert werden. Allerdings fehlen bisher Begründungen und Belege für die Erwartungen, die mit der Partizipation verbunden werden, und auch die mangelnden gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen durch die transdisziplinäre Nachhaltigkeitsforschung wurden kritisiert. Gleichzeitig legen Forschungen aus dem Feld der governmentality studies nahe, dass partizipative Prozesse auch ein gewisses Risiko bergen, Herrschaftszustände aufrechtzuerhalten. Um einen Wandel hin zur Nachhaltigkeit zu befördern, sollen in dieser Arbeit daher mit der Regierungskonzeption von Michel Foucault die Ausgestaltung der Partizipation in der transdisziplinären Nachhaltigkeitsforschung untersucht werden und insbesondere inwieweit diese stabilisierend für die gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse wirken kann. Dementsprechend wird die transdisziplinäre Nachhaltigkeitsforschung auf Übereinstimmungen und Unterschiede zur neoliberalen Gouvernementalität untersucht und die Implikationen des Ergebnisses vor dem Hintergrund eines an den Brundtland Berichts angelehnten Nachhaltigkeitsverständnisses diskutiert. Die Untersuchung zeigt starke Parallelen zwischen der transdisziplinären Nachhaltigkeitsforschung und einer neoliberalen Regierungsweise. Auch wenn diese Regierungsweise durchaus Vorteile mit sich bringt, gibt es doch Anzeichen, dass sie, und damit auch die transdisziplinäre Nachhaltigkeitsforschung, dazu neigt, soziale Ungleichheit zu verstärken und strukturelle Gründe für Armut und die Zerstörung der natürlichen Lebensgrundlage zu vernachlässigen. Dies würde den Hauptmotiven des Nachhaltigkeitsverständnisses entgegenwirken.
The energy sector is regarded as one of the decisive subsystems influencing the future of sustainable development. Consequently, there is a need for a comprehensive transformation of energy generation, conversion and use. The importance of building capacities for energy policy development in developing countries is bound up with the need to formulate global strategies to meet the challenges that humanity face, especially to achieve the targets manifested in the Agenda 2030 and Paris Agreement. The aim of this research is to better understand how to empower marginalised key societal actors, co-produce alternative discourses about energy futures and articulate those discourses to influence policy change within a context of illiberal democracies in Latin America. The research concerns the design, function and effectiveness of scientifically grounded participatory process, which has been justified theoretically and tested empirically. The process presupposes theoretical perspectives relating to theory, method and empirical application. The first draws on theories of sustainability transition and transformation, including transition management. The second draws on ideas taken from the knowledge co-production and transdisciplinary sustainability research. The empirical application, concerns the implementation of a Transdisciplinary Transition Management Arena (TTMA) and its effectiveness, measured by potential for the co-production of knowledge and for stimulating collective action. As result of the process, a conceptual model of the energy system, long-term visions and transformation strategies were developed. The TTMA processes demonstrated that cross-sectoral and inter-institutional, combined efforts, can help actors visualize possible, future alternatives for sustainable energy development and how to realize such alternatives. The structures provided were helpful for the emergence and empowerment of new sustainable-energy-transition coalitions in both Ecuador and Peru. Chapter 1 describes the general context in which this scientific project is developed and presents a synthesis of the processes and its main outcomes. The research results are described in detail in the scientific papers presented in chapters 2,3 and 4.