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Forschungsbericht 2007
(2008)
Das Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre der Universität Lüneburg legt hiermit seinen zweiten eigenständigen Forschungsbericht vor. Seit 1999 erschien unser Bericht als Teil des Forschungsberichts des Fachbereichs Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften; dieser Bericht wurde nach dem Berichtsjahr 2005 eingestellt, da der Fachbereich seit 2006 Teil der neuen Fakultät II ist. Für die Fakultät II ist bisher kein solcher ausführlich informierender Forschungsbericht vorgesehen. Wir möchten mit unserem Bericht alle Interessenten an unserer wissenschaftlichen Arbeit in kompakter Form über die von uns bearbeiteten Forschungsthemen und die dabei erarbeiteten Publikationen sowie unsere weiteren Leistungen unterrichten. Viele Ergebnisse finden sich – zumeist in vorläufiger Form und als Pre-Print-Fassung vor der eigentlichen Publikation – in unserer seit 2005 erscheinenden Reihe University of Lüneburg Working Paper Series in Economics (download unter www.leuphana.de/vwl/papers); Informationen hierzu finden Sie am Ende dieses Berichts.
Using unique recently released nationally representative high-quality data at the plant level, this paper presents the first comprehensive evidence on the relationship between productivity and size of the export market for Germany, a leading actor on the world market for manufactured goods. It documents that firms that export to countries inside the euro-zone are more productive than firms that sell their products in Germany only, but less productive than firms that export to countries outside the euro-zone, too. This is in line with the hypothesis that export markets outside the euro-zone have higher entry costs that can only by paid by more productive firms.
This research report presents a transdisciplinary student research project on developing climate resilience of communities in Marine Protected Areas in the Lesser Antilles. For the second time, the Leuphana University Lüneburg and the Sustainable Marine Financing Programme (SMF) of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) partnered up. The first project on the Caribbean Island Dominica showed that community resilience is a complex concept that is not yet well understood. Building on these findings, this year’s project broadened the scope in addressing the effect of varying local conditions on climate resilience on four different Caribbean islands: Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. For the GIZ, the research project aimed at improving the understanding of the socio-ecological resilience framework for tackling problems of Marine Managed Areas (MMA) and Marine Protected Areas (MPA). Also, it enabled new thoughts on how the GIZ and other development agencies can more effectively assist island states to better cope with the challenges of climate change. The role of the students from the “Global Environmental and Sustainability Sciences” programme of Leuphana University included the design of four transdisciplinary research projects to study the effect of varying local conditions in disaster-prone regions in the Southern Caribbean on climate resilience. The developing island states in the Caribbean are extremely vulnerable to more frequent and intense natural hazards while relying on ecosystem services that are threatened by extreme weather events, in particular Hurricanes. After such adverse events, low economic stability leads to a dependency of the states on international assistance. To decrease the vulnerability to shocks, counteracting measures that encourage learning and adaptation can increase the resilience against extreme weather events and their consequences. Concepts that were considered during the design of the transdisciplinary research projects were the adaptation of systems, diversity and stakeholder participation and resilience-focused management systems. Building on the results from last year in Dominica, the establishment of a four islands design allowed for greater comparison to better understand community approaches to solve a concrete sustainability problem: securing livelihoods while protecting natural and cultural resources. The research methods of a literature review, stakeholder mapping, semi-structured interviews, scenario development and visioning were used in the projects. A comparison of the four TD projects revealed four overarching lessons. First, all countries recognise a need for restoration and conservation projects, i.e., nature-based solutions implemented and managed by the local community in the MPA. Furthermore, all four cases show that the limited participation of local people in the management and organisation of the MPA is a factor constraining community resilience. Third, this TD project highlights the importance to distinguish climate change as an event or as a process. When climate change occurs as a series of disaster events (e.g., hurricanes, floodings, and heatwaves) in combination with s gradual degradation of natural ecosystems (e.g., coral bleaching and ocean warming), people in MPA communities show highly adaptive and restorative behaviour. Finally, this project was an attempt to realize a cross-cultural and virtual transdisciplinary project. The research approach of transdisciplinarity links different academic disciplines and concepts, and non-scientific stakeholders are included to find solutions for societal and related scientific problems. A major learning was that in virtual TD projects particular attention needs to be paid to setting clear boundaries and be explicit about success criteria. Nonetheless, the findings of the projects provide valuable learning lessons to be applied in practice and that can prove useful for future research.
Dieser Projektbericht wurde im Wintersemester 07/08 von einem dreizehnköpfigen Team, bestehend aus Studierenden des Departments Wirtschaftsrecht der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Zenz, erstellt. In der übertragenen Aufgabe galt es, den Weg der Normen des Genossenschaftsgesetzes von der alten Fassung hin zur Novellierung zu rekapitulieren. Ausgehend vom alten Gesetzestext ist somit für die maßgeblichen Bestimmungen aufgezeigt, welche Änderungen das vom Bundesministerium der Justiz gebildete Referat im Gesetzesentwurf und in der dazugehörigen Begründung vom 19.10.2005 verfasste. Aufbauend auf dieser „Rohfassung“ erfolgt sodann ein Abgleich mit der hierzu erfolgten Stellungnahme des BVR, also des Bundesverbandes der Deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken vom 27.10.2005 und der Stellungnahme des Bundesrates vom 10.03.2006 hin zum verabschiedeten Text, wie er sich heute in dem geltenden Genossenschaftsgesetz wieder findet.
Fachhochschule Nordostniedersachsen : Lüneburg, Buxtehude, Suderburg ; Hochschulbericht 2000/2002
(2002)
Die Präsidentin der Fachhochschule Nordostniedersachsen, Prof. Dr. Christa Cremer-Renz, legt mit dem Rechenschaftsbericht für den Zeitraum Februar 2000 bis Februar 2002 eine umfassende und mit vielen Grafiken und Fotos illustrierte Beschreibung über die Tätigkeiten und Entwicklungen in der Hochschule vor.
Zum Öffnen des Dokumentes ist das Kennwort 'arbeiten' einzugeben. Der Verfasser widmet sich dem Thema, wie die öffentliche Verwaltung eine dauerhaft positive Beziehung zum Bürger handhaben kann. Beim Praktizieren des Citizen Relationship Management (CRM) sind Anleihen beim Customer Relationship Management hilfreich: Verstehen der Kunden und des Marktes, Entwickeln des Angebotes etc.
Ein Java-Programm besteht aus Objekten. Ein Objekt hat einen passiven Teil, genannt Attribute, Variablen oder Slots und einen aktivierbaren Teil, genannt Methoden oder Funktionen. Ein solches Objekt ist persistent (dauerhaft), wenn es unabhängig vom Ort und der Lebensdauer seines erzeugenden Java-Programms existiert. Diese Art von Persistenz versprechen objektorientierte Datenbankmanagementsysteme (OODBMS). Am OODBMS-Beispiel POET werden im vorliegenden Bericht die tatsächlich realisierbaren Leistungen 'provokativ' hinterfragt.
Der Java-Coach
(1998)
This paper investigates the redistributive effects of taxation on occupational choice and growth. We discuss a twoñsector economy in the spirit of Romer (1990). Agents engage in one of two alternative occupations: either selfñemployment in an intermediate goods sector characterized by monopolistic competition, or employment as an ordinary worker in this sector. Entrepreneurial pro_ts are stochastic. The occupational choice under risk endogenizes the number of _rms in the intermediate goods industry. While the presence of entrepreneurial risk results in a suboptimally low number of _rms and depresses growth, nonñlinear tax schemes are partly capable of compensating the negative by effects by ex post providing a social insurance.
Credit Constraints, Idiosyncratic Risks, and Wealth Distribution in a Heterogeneous Agent Model
(2007)
This paper examines the effects of credit market imperfections and idiosyncratic risks on occupational choice, capital accumulation, as well as on the income and wealth distribution in a two sector heterogeneous agent general equilibrium model. Workers and firm owners are subject to idiosyncratic shocks. Entrepreneurship is the riskier occupation. Compared to an economy with perfect capital markets, we find for the case of serially correlated shocks that more individuals choose the entrepreneurial profession in the presence of credit constraints, and that the fluctuation between occupations increases too. Workers and entrepreneurs with high individual productivity tend to remain in their present occupation, whereas low productivity individuals are more likely to switch between professions. Interestingly, these results reverse if we assume iid shocks, thus indicating that the nature of the underlying shocks plays an important role for the general equilibrium effects. In general, the likelihood of entrepreneurship increases with individual wealth.
This paper discusses the emergence of endogenous redistributive cycles in a stochastic growth model with incomplete asset markets and heterogeneous agents, where agents vote on the degree of progressivity in the taxñtransferñscheme. The model draws from BÈnabou (1996) and ties the bias in the distribution of political power to the degree of inequality in the society, thereby triggering redistributive cycles which then give rise to a nonlinear, cyclical pattern of savings rates, growth and inequality over time.
This paper analyzes conditions for existence of a strongly rational expectations equilibrium (SREE) in models with private information, where the amount of private information is endogenously determined. It is shown that the conditions for existence of a SREE known from models with exogenously given private information do not change as long as it is impossible to use the information transmitted through market prices. In contrast, these conditions are too weak, when there is such learning from prices. It turns out that the properties of the function which describes the costs that are associated with the individual acquisition of information are important in this respect. In case of constant marginal costs, prices must be half as informative than private signals in order for a SREE to exist. An interpretation of this result that falls back on the famous Grossman–Stiglitz–Paradox is also given.