330 Wirtschaft
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Dissertation (101)
- Research Paper (97)
- Bericht (27)
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (17)
- Bachelorarbeit (16)
- Teil eines Buches (Kapitel) (16)
- Beitrag in Konferenzband (12)
- Arbeitspapier (8)
- Diplomarbeit (7)
- Masterarbeit (6)
Schlagworte
- Export (14)
- Produktivität (13)
- Personalentwicklung (11)
- Deutschland (9)
- Entrepreneurship (9)
- Exports (8)
- Germany (8)
- Personalpolitik (8)
- productivity (8)
- Unternehmensgründung (7)
Institut
- Frühere Fachbereiche (87)
- Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften (65)
- BWL (64)
- Psychologie/Wirtschaftspsychologie (37)
- VWL (21)
- Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre (IVWL) (9)
- Recht/Wirtschaftsrecht (8)
- Institut für Bank-, Finanz und Gründungsmanagement (IBFG) (5)
- Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik (IIS) (4)
- Fakultät Nachhaltigkeit (3)
"People are our success" : Werte und Career Development bei der DaimlerChrysler Services (debis) AG
(2001)
In der Arbeit wird der Versuch unternommen, ein differenziertes Kategoriensystem zu entwickeln, das für eine Beurteilung von Unterricht auf systemisch-konstruktivistischer Grundlage geeignet ist. Es werden Analysekriterien herausgearbeitet, die auf vier „Leitdimensionen“ beruhen. Berücksichtigt werden dabei die erkenntnistheoretischen Grundsätze des Konstruktivismus, der Grad der Komplexität, der biographische Kontext und der Steuerung- und Wahlmöglichkeiten durch die Schüler. Sie unterliegen dem Einfluß externer situativer, didaktischer, methodischer und institutioneller Faktoren. In Form einer analytischen Forschungsstudie wird die Durchführbarkeit des Konzeptes nachgewiesen. Gegenstand der Untersuchung sind Planungen von Simulationsspielen, wie sie im Rahmen der Ausbildung von Referendaren am Staatlichen Studienseminar Hamburg als Entwürfe für den Unterricht im berufsbildenden Schulwesen ausgearbeitet worden sind. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf Rollen-, Plan- und Diskussionsspielen. Die Ergebnisse werden dokumentiert und bewertet. Die Analyse brachte eine große Streubreite von Planungsvarianten und damit die Möglichkeit, zahlreiche Strukturierungsvorschläge im Hinblick auf eine Erweiterung der Handlungsspielräume zu geben.
With this dissertation, I present a human resources approach to entrepreneurship through selection and training of small-business owners in developing countries. Entrepreneurship is an important source of employment, innovation, and general economic prosperity (Autio, 2005; Walter et al., 2005; Reynolds et al., 2005; Kuratko, 2003). In developing countries, job creation through business ownership is especially important because job opportunities are limited (Walter et al., 2005; Mead & Liedholm, 1998). Strengthening the small business sector is one of the best ways to reduce poverty and increase economic growth (Birch, 1987). Thus, this dissertation adds to the scientific literature in taking a human resources approach to entrepreneurship: selecting and training entrepreneurs. Selection has widely been researched on in various scientific fields like human resource management, industrial-, work-, and organizational psychology, but only partly focusing on selection of entrepreneurs. Regarding training, there exists a fair amount of studies that focus on entrepreneurship education, but a lot of them suffer from substantial heterogeneity and methodological flaws (Glaub & Frese (2011); McKenzie & Woodruff (2013)). The dissertation combines the ideas of using selection procedures for entrepreneurs with the idea of teaching entrepreneurial skills.
Despite the scepticism raised by the German Monopoly Commission our analysis shows that the revised theory of contestable markets can be applied to the telecommunications market better than expected. The original contestable market theory implied three assumptions necessary to be satisfied to establish potential competition: Free market entry, market exits possible without any costs, and the price adjustment lag exceeds the entry lag. Our analysis shows that if the incumbent reduces its prices slowly (high adjustment lag) and the market entry can be performed quickly (low entry lag), a new competitor will be able to earn back sunk costs. Therefore it is not necessary that all three conditions are complied with for potential competition to exist. We applied the 'revised' contestable market theory to the German telecommunication market and have been able to clearly identify the sections in which regulation is required. Under the present conditions local loops - which should be seen as natural monopolies - are not contestable due to sunk costs, high entry lags expected and a probable short price adjustment lag. Local loops can be identified as bottlenecks therefore. Regional and local connection networks should also be regulated because a high entry lag and a low price adjustment lag have to be expected as well as current competition does not exist today. The national connection network shows current competition between several network providers, hence regulation can be abolished in this field. Moreover, services can be supplied by several firms, and we predict strong potential competition.. There are no arguments favouring a natural monopoly in the section of terminals.
Against the backdrop of aging populations, labor shortages, and a longer healthy life expectancy, there has recently been considerable discussion of the great potential that post-retirement activities hold for individuals, organizations, and society alike. This dissertation consists of three empirical papers investigating the life reality of active retirees in Germany. In addition, framework conditions and motivational structures that need to be considered in creating jobs for this group of workers are examined. The first paper identifies the prerequisites for productivity after retirement age and describes the changed nature of modern-day retirement. Current levels of post-retirement work are quantified by reference to German Microcensus data. The data show that adults continue to engage in paid employment beyond the applicable retirement age, with self-employment and unpaid work in family businesses making up the greatest share of post-retirement activities. Qualitative data collected from 146 active retirees (mean age = 67 years, standard deviation = 4) showed that the changes entailed in retirement include more flexible structures in everyday life. Content analysis revealed that reasons for taking up post-retirement activities were the desire to help, pass on knowledge, or remain active; personal development and contact with others; and a desire for appreciation and recognition. In addition, flexible working hours and the freedom to make decisions are evidently important aspects that need to be taken into account in creating employment activities for silver workers. The second paper extends the findings of the first paper by investigating the differences that respondents experienced between their former career job and their post-retirement activities, drawing on an additional quantitative sample of active retirees (N = 618, mean age = 69 years, standard deviation = 4). Factor analysis revealed differences in four areas: First, differences were identified in person-related variables, such as work ability. Second, differences were perceived in the scope of the job itself with regard to workers’ tasks, skills, or job function. Third, the perceived freedom of time allocation and flexibility in job practice distinguished between the silver job and the former career job. Fourth, differences were noted in perceived responsibility and in the significance of the activity. The third paper further examined how relevant personal motivational goals (achievement, appreciation, autonomy, contact, and generativity) as well as corresponding occupational characteristics of the silver job were related to life and work satisfaction in the quantitative sample (N = 661, mean age = 69 years, standard deviation = 4). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that the motivational goals of achievement, appreciation, autonomy, contact, and generativity significantly predicted life satisfaction, whereas only generativity predicted work satisfaction. With respect to the occupational characteristics, none of the situational predictors influenced life satisfaction, but opportunities to fulfill one’s achievement goals, to pass on knowledge, and to experience appreciation and autonomy predicted work satisfaction. The results suggest that post-retirement workers seem to differentiate between perceived life satisfaction and work satisfaction as two independent constructs. In conclusion, key motives for taking up post-retirement activities were generativity (the wish to help and pass on knowledge), but also personal development, appreciation, autonomy, and contact. The findings indicate that organizations should introduce flexible working hours, and offer silver workers advisory and freelance work. Providing freedom to make decisions and ensuring due appreciation of the contribution made by silver workers will lead to a fruitful interplay of silver workers and organizations. Future research should build on these findings by applying longitudinal designs and drawing on samples of retirees with more diverse educational and financial backgrounds. The papers of this dissertation echo the call for a new, more positive way of looking at the capacities of active retirees.
Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Verhältnis von Gefühl, Urteil und Verhalten. Konkret geht es um die Beziehung zwischen der emotionalen Befindlichkeit bei der Arbeit und der Beurteilung der Arbeitssituation sowie der Verbundenheit mit dem Arbeitgeber. Als Grundlage der empirischen Analyse dienen Daten aus zwei Studien, einer Mitarbeiterbefragung in Unternehmen unterschiedlicher Branchen und einer Befragung der Mitarbeiter in mehreren Landesbehörden. Die Analyse zeigt, (a) dass es sinnvoll ist, konzeptionell deutlich zwischen der Bewertung der Arbeitssituation und den Gefühlen zu trennen, die das Arbeitsgeschehen begleiten, (b) dass die Gefühlslage zwar in die Beurteilung der Arbeitssituation einfließt, die Teilnahmemotivation der Arbeitnehmer hiervon allerdings nur bedingt beeinflusst wird, nämlich (c) durch eine Verstärkung der Verhaltenswirkungen, die von der besonders günstigen bzw. ungünstigen Beurteilung der Arbeitssituation ausgeht.
Agro-biodiversity can provide natural insurance to risk averse farmers. We employ a conceptual ecological-economic model to analyze the choice of agrobiodiversity by risk averse farmers who have access to financial insurance. We study the implications for individually and socially optimal agro-ecosystem management and policy design when on-farm agro-biodiversity, through ecosystem processes at higher hierarchical levels, generates a positive externality on other farmers. We show that for the individual farmer natural insurance from agro-biodiversty and financial insurance are substitutes. While an improved access to financial insurance leads to lower agro-biodiversity, the e_ects on the market failure problem (due to the external benefits of on-farm agro-biodiversity) and on welfare are determined by properties of the agro-ecosystem and agro-biodiversity’s external benefits. We derive a specific condition on agro-ecosystem functioning under which, if financial insurance becomes more accessible, welfare in the absence of regulation increases or decreases.