Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2008 (29) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Research Paper (14)
- Dissertation (8)
- Bericht (3)
- Bachelorarbeit (2)
- Diplomarbeit (1)
- Habilitation (1)
Schlagworte
- Biodiversität (3)
- Export (3)
- Forschung und Entwicklung (2)
- Niedersachsen (2)
- Personalwesen (2)
- Produktivität (2)
- Umweltpolitik (2)
- agri-environmental policy (2)
- AVEM (1)
- Auktion (1)
Institut
- VWL (10)
- BWL (5)
- Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften (4)
- Fakultät Bildung (2)
- Fakultät Nachhaltigkeit (2)
- Automatisierungstechnik/Wirtschafts.-Ing. (1)
- Fak 3 - Umwelt und Technik (alt) (1)
- Institut für Kultur und Ästhetik Digitaler Medien (ICAM) (1)
- Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre (IVWL) (1)
- Recht/Wirtschaftsrecht (1)
Expatriate success divided into two criteria, expatriate adjustment and expatriate job performance, is analyzed in relation to extraversion and its facets. Measurements of the Big Five and scales of adjustment as well as job performance were used by interviewing a sample of 80 German, Austrian and Swiss expatriates working in Costa Rica. The overall extraversion trait, gregariousness, assertiveness, and activity show meaningful effects on expatriate job performance. By analyzing expatriate adjustment and its relationship with extraversion and corresponding facets moderate effects were found between activity and interaction adjustment. Positive emotions with interaction adjustment as well as positive emotions with general adjustment show the largest effects. Furthermore, small effects were found for activity and warmth in respect to expatriate adjustment. Finally, suggestions for further research concerning extraversion in expatriate management are given.
Forschungsbericht 2007
(2008)
Das Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre der Universität Lüneburg legt hiermit seinen zweiten eigenständigen Forschungsbericht vor. Seit 1999 erschien unser Bericht als Teil des Forschungsberichts des Fachbereichs Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften; dieser Bericht wurde nach dem Berichtsjahr 2005 eingestellt, da der Fachbereich seit 2006 Teil der neuen Fakultät II ist. Für die Fakultät II ist bisher kein solcher ausführlich informierender Forschungsbericht vorgesehen. Wir möchten mit unserem Bericht alle Interessenten an unserer wissenschaftlichen Arbeit in kompakter Form über die von uns bearbeiteten Forschungsthemen und die dabei erarbeiteten Publikationen sowie unsere weiteren Leistungen unterrichten. Viele Ergebnisse finden sich – zumeist in vorläufiger Form und als Pre-Print-Fassung vor der eigentlichen Publikation – in unserer seit 2005 erscheinenden Reihe University of Lüneburg Working Paper Series in Economics (download unter www.leuphana.de/vwl/papers); Informationen hierzu finden Sie am Ende dieses Berichts.
Dieser Projektbericht wurde im Wintersemester 07/08 von einem dreizehnköpfigen Team, bestehend aus Studierenden des Departments Wirtschaftsrecht der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Zenz, erstellt. In der übertragenen Aufgabe galt es, den Weg der Normen des Genossenschaftsgesetzes von der alten Fassung hin zur Novellierung zu rekapitulieren. Ausgehend vom alten Gesetzestext ist somit für die maßgeblichen Bestimmungen aufgezeigt, welche Änderungen das vom Bundesministerium der Justiz gebildete Referat im Gesetzesentwurf und in der dazugehörigen Begründung vom 19.10.2005 verfasste. Aufbauend auf dieser „Rohfassung“ erfolgt sodann ein Abgleich mit der hierzu erfolgten Stellungnahme des BVR, also des Bundesverbandes der Deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken vom 27.10.2005 und der Stellungnahme des Bundesrates vom 10.03.2006 hin zum verabschiedeten Text, wie er sich heute in dem geltenden Genossenschaftsgesetz wieder findet.
While it is a stylized fact that exporting firms pay higher wages than nonexporting firms, the direction of the link between exporting and wages is less clear. Using a rich set of German linked employer-employee panel data we follow over time plants that start to export. We show that the exporter wage premium does already exist in the years before firms start to export, and that it does not increase in the following years. Higher wages in exporting firms are thus due to self-selection of more productive, better paying firms into export markets; they are not caused by export activities.
Zielsetzung Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob das Entscheidungsverhalten und der Erfolg von kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) davon abhängen, ob ein Unternehmen von einer Einzelperson oder aber von einem Führungsteam geleitet wird und wie sich die Größe des Führungsteams auf Wahrnehmung und Handeln des Unternehmens auswirkt. Als Grundlage unserer Ausführungen dienen die Ergebnisse einer Befragung kleiner und mittlerer Industrieunternehmen.
Economic theory suggests both positive and negative relationships between intra-firm wage inequality and productivity. This paper contributes to the growing empirical literature on this subject. We combine German employer-employee-data for the years 1995-2005 with inequality measures using the whole wage distribution of a firm and rely on dynamic panel-data estimators to control for unobserved heterogeneity, simultaneity problems and possible state dependence. Our results indicate a relative minor influence of intra-firm wage inequality on firm productivity. If anything, they provide some support for a view suggesting that some inequality may be beneficial, while too much leads to a detrimental effect on productivity.
Die in dieser Sammlung zusammengetragenen Texte reicht der Autor als kumulative Habilitationsleistung bei der Fakultät »Umwelt und Technik« der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg zum Zwecke des Erwerbs der Lehrbefugnis für die Fachrichtung »Informatik/Digitale Medien« ein. Die Texte sind alle in den letzten zehn Jahren veröffentlicht worden, meist im Druck, einige online. Als Einzelveröffentlichungen behandeln sie jeweils separate Themen, deshalb werden ihr Ursprung, der Gesamtzusammenhang und die daraus entwickelbaren Perspektiven für Forschung und Lehre an der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg im Folgenden umrissen.
Managing increasing environmental risks through agro-biodiversity and agri-environmental policies
(2008)
Agro-biodiversity can provide natural insurance to risk-averse farmers by reducing the variance of crop yield, and to society at large by reducing the uncertainty in the provision of public-good ecosystem services such as e.g. CO2 storage. We analyze the choice of agro-biodiversity by risk-averse farmers who have access to financial insurance, and study the implications for agri-environmental policy design when on-farm agro-biodiversity generates a positive risk externality. While increasing environmental risk leads private farmers to increase their level of on-farm agro-biodiversity, the level of agro-biodiversity in the laissez-faire equilibrium remains inefficiently low. We show how either one of two agri-environmental policy instruments can cure this risk-related market failure: an ex-ante Pigouvian subsidy on on-farm agro-biodiversity and an ex-post compensation payment for the actual provision of public environmental benefits. In the absence of regulation, welfare may increase rather than decrease with increasing environmental risk, if the agroecosystems is characterized by a high natural insurance function, low costs and large external benefits of agro-biodiversity.
The present work introduces four theoretical papers, which primarily focus on R&D, interindustrial linkages, and their policy implications. All in all, three issues basically motivated conception and realization: At first, previous NEG models do not incorporate endogenous R&D activities of firms. Existing models include R&D only in a growth context, which increases the formal complexity and departs from the simple core-periphery formulation. Second, vertical linkages are extensively considered in the class of international models. In face of its formal simplicity, the majority of publications refer to the standard model of Krugman and Venables (1995) utilizing intra-industry trade in which the manufacturing sector produces its own intermediates. However, the results are similar to the core-periphery model, but the implications of vertical linkages, especially in terms of specialization, cannot be reproduced. In contrast, the more challenging version of Venables (1996), which considers an inter-industry framework of an explicit upstream and downstream sector, is often cited (143 citations according to IDEAS/RePEc), but only few papers were directly built on it: Puga and Venables (1996), Amiti (2005), Alonso-Villar (2005). The third issue concerns the calibration of real economies. Although, hundreds of numerical simulations have been done in order to display the modeling outcomes, an application to particular industries in terms of their spatial formation and evolution is still a neglected field of research. Against this background, the present work aims to make a contribution to these topics. For a summary, all four papers are briefly to be summarized at this point. The first paper, entitled 'Too Much R&D? – Vertical Differentiation and Monopolistic Competition,' discusses whether product R&D in developed economies tends to be too high compared with the socially desired level. In this context, a model of vertical and horizontal product differentiation within the Dixit-Stiglitz (1977) framework of monopolistic competition is set up where firms compete in horizontal attributes of their products, and also in quality that can be controlled by R&D investments. The paper reveals that in monopolistic-competitive industries, R&D intensity is positively correlated with market concentration. Furthermore, welfare and policy analysis demonstrate an overinvestment in R&D with the result that vertical differentiation is too high and horizontal differentiation is too low. The only effective policy instrument in order to contain welfare losses turns out to be a price control of R&D services. The main contribution of this closed economy model in the course of the present work is a modeling framework, which can easily be adapted to the New Economic Geography. This has been approached in the second paper: ‘R&D and the Agglomeration of Industries' in which the seminal core-periphery model of Krugman (1991) is extended by endogenous research activities. Beyond the common ‘anonymous' consideration of R&D expenditures within fixed costs, this model introduces vertical product differentiation, which requires services provided by an additional R&D sector. In the context of international factor mobility, the destabilizing effects of a mobile scientific workforce are analyzed. In combination with a welfare analysis and a consideration of R&D promoting policy instruments and their spatial implications, this paper also makes a contribution to the brain-drain debate. In contrast to this migration based approach, the third paper 'Agglomeration, Vertical Specialization, and the Strength of Industrial Linkages' focuses on vertical linkages in their capacity as an additional agglomeration force. The paper picks up the seminal model of Venables (1996) and provides a quantifying concept for the sectoral coherence in vertical-linkage models of the New Economic Geography. Based upon an alternative approach to solve the model and to determine critical trade cost values, this paper focuses on the interdependencies between agglomeration, specialization and the strength of vertical linkages. A central concern is the idea of an 'industrial base,' which is attracting linked industries but is persistent to relocation. As a main finding, the intermediate cost share and substitution elasticity basically determine the strength of linkages. Thus, these parameters affect how strong the industrial base responds to changes in trade costs, relative wages and market size. The fourth paper 'The Spatial Dynamics of the European Biotech Industry' presents a simulation study of the R&D intensive biotech industry using the standard Venables model. Thus, it connects all three preceding papers and puts them into the real economic context of the European integration. The paper reviews the potential development of the European biotech industry with respect to its spatial structure. On the first stage, the present industrial situation as object of investigation is described and evaluated with respect to a further model implementation. In this context, the article introduces the findings of an online survey concerning international trade, conducted with German biotech firms in 2006. On the second stage, the results are completed by the outcomes of a numerical simulation within the New Economic Geography (NEG), considering vertical linkages between the biotech and pharmaceutical industries as an agglomerative force. The analysis reveals only a slight relocation tendency to the European periphery, constrained by market size, infrastructure and factor supply. In the final conclusions, central results of all four papers are summarized with respect to economic policy. Against the background of general legitimization and the impact of political intervention, Chapter 6 draws the main conclusions for location and innovation policies. In this regard, the industrial-base concept as well as the mobility of R&D play a central role during this discussion.