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This introductory article to the special issue of Psychology Science devoted to the subject of Considering Response Distortion in Personality Measurement for Industrial, Work and Organizational Psychology Research and Practice” presents an overview of the issues of response distortion in personality measurement. It also provides a summary of the other articles published as part of this special issue addressing social desirability, impression management, self-presentation, response distortion, and faking in personality measurement in industrial, work, and organizational settings.
The Model of Culture Fit explains the way in which socio-cultural environment influences internal work culture and human resource management practices. This model was tested using 1,954 employees from business organisations in 10 countries. Participants completed a 57-item questionnaire which measured managerial perceptions of four socio-cultural dimensions, six internal work culture dimensions and HRM practices in three areas ...
Aim of the dissertation is to identify psychological success factors in the entrepreneurial process. The entrepreneurial process comprises the identification of business opportunities as well as start-up and development of new ventures (Baron, 2007b). Understanding the entrepreneurial process is important because entrepreneurship has economic, social, and theoretical functions. Early studies already pointed to the importance of psychological factors in the entrepreneurial process (Baumol, 1968). Subsequent studies focused mainly on personality traits which contributed only little to a better understanding of the psychological factors relevant for entrepreneurial success (Gartner, 1989). Based on recent theoretical frameworks, the dissertation focuses on two factors which are proposed to have a stronger effect on the successful accomplishment of the entrepreneurial process: the entrepreneur’s cognitions and actions (Baron, 2007a; Frese, 2009). It is important to note that the dissertation takes into account the complexity of the entrepreneurial process. The entrepreneurial process includes different phases with different outcomes. The empirical studies of the dissertation investigate the influence of psychological factors in the phase of opportunity identification (chapter 2 &3), in the phase of starting-up a business (chapter 4), and in the phase of growing the venture (chapter 2 &4). The dissertation thus seeks to make a comprehensive contribution to the literature on psychological factors in the entrepreneurial process.
Emotions play a prominent role in explaining maladaptive driving and resulting motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Above all, traffic psychologists have focussed their attention on anger and anxiety, including the origins and influence of these emotions on driving behaviours. This dissertation contributes to the field with three manuscripts that build upon each other. Those manuscripts have three separate objectives. The first identifies the broad range of emotions in traffic that should be analysed. Second, the impact of specific emotions on driving behaviour is focussed. Finally, the research investigates how situational and personal factors can influence emotional experiences and influence driving behaviour. The first article tackles the bandwidth of emotions in traffic. In two consecutive online studies (study one: = 100; study two: n = 187), different emotional experiences were assessed using the Geneva Emotion Wheel (and an advanced version). The stimulus material consisted of written traffic situations structured around specific factors (in these studies, predominantly goal congruence, goal relevance and blame). It could be shown that the properties of the situation can elicit emotions such as anger, anxiety and happiness, but also pride, guilt and shame. The second article saw a transfer of those situational factor structures from online-presented text to simulated driving. At this time, the focus of interest was the driving behaviour influenced by the elicited emotions. The simulator study (n = 79) revealed that anger, contempt and anxiety led to similar declines in driving performance profiles. Performance declines included driving at higher speeds, more frequent speeding and worse lateral control. The third article examined to what extent anger and personal characteristics could negatively influence driving behaviour. Two studies were conducted (study one: n = 74; study two; n = 80). The results indicated that specific characteristics of the person (male, little driving experience, high driving motivation, high trait-driving anger) could influence driving behaviour in negative ways, both directly and indirectly, via triggered anger emotions. It can be concluded from these results that the range of emotions in traffic encompasses much more than just anger and anxiety. Furthermore, the second and third articles show that within simulated environments, minimal but effective emotional intensities can be triggered, and those emotions (especially anger and anxiety) create similar performance patterns. Personal characteristics should be considered when explaining the elicitations of emotion and subsequent driving behaviour. The papers of this dissertation echo the call for new comprehensive models to explain the relationships among emotions and traffic behaviours.