Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2018 (27) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Dissertation (21)
- Bachelorarbeit (4)
- Masterarbeit (1)
- Beitrag in Konferenzband (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (27) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Nachhaltigkeit (3)
- Entrepreneurship (2)
- Gesundheit (2)
- Transformation (2)
- Umfrage (2)
- Umwelt (2)
- Abandonment (1)
- Abweichung (1)
- Alpen (1)
- Alpine region (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Artenreichtum (1)
- Aufsichtsrat (1)
- Bank (1)
- Bankenkrisen (1)
- Bankenrettung (1)
- Baye´sche-Statistik (1)
- Brache (1)
- Calamagrostis epigejos (1)
- Civic engagement (1)
- Corporate Governance (1)
- Damascus (1)
- Damaskus (1)
- Data Mining (1)
- Data mining (1)
- Datenerhebung auf Keyword-Ebene (1)
- Deviation (1)
- Diasporenbank (1)
- EURO-CORDEX (1)
- Earnings Management (1)
- Effektivität (1)
- Eiderstedt (1)
- Empowerment (1)
- Energiewende (1)
- Entwicklungsländer (1)
- Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (1)
- Ergebnissteuerung (1)
- Erhebung (1)
- Erneuerbare Energie (1)
- Erneuerbare Energien (1)
- Externe (1)
- Familienunternehmen (1)
- Family Firms (1)
- Fehlerbehandlung (1)
- Financial Reporting Quality (1)
- Finanzstabilität (1)
- Flammschutzmittel (1)
- Forschung (1)
- Führung (1)
- Geschäftsführung (1)
- Gesundheitsorientierte Führung (1)
- Gesundheitssektor (1)
- Gesundheitsspezifische Führung (1)
- Gewässer (1)
- Governance (1)
- Health-specific leadership (1)
- Heide (1)
- Heidemahd (1)
- Identification (1)
- Institutional Ownership (1)
- Institutionelle Eigentümer (1)
- Jordan (1)
- Keimfähigkeit (1)
- Klimamodell (1)
- Klimasimulation (1)
- Kommunikationstraining (1)
- Kompetenzdelegation (1)
- Kontext (1)
- Kulturraum (1)
- Küstengebiet (1)
- LC-HRMS (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- Lernen (1)
- Manager Effekte (1)
- Manipulation (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Mediennutzung (1)
- Meta-Analyse (1)
- Meta-Analysis (1)
- Mill, John Stuart (1)
- Mindset (1)
- Mitarbeiter (1)
- Mitarbeitergesundheit (1)
- Nachfolge (1)
- Nachhaltigkeits-Transition (1)
- Nachhaltigkeitsforschung (1)
- Neue Medien (1)
- Niederschlag (1)
- Nordseeküste (1)
- OPE (1)
- Obere Jordantal (1)
- Online-Marketing (1)
- Opportunity (1)
- Organophosphor (1)
- Organophosphorus (1)
- Palynologie (1)
- Paläoklima (1)
- Perspektive (1)
- Persönlichkeit (1)
- Pflege (1)
- Philosophie (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Pleistozän (1)
- Potenzial (1)
- Problem (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Prozessperspektive (1)
- Psychologie (1)
- Quartär (1)
- Quartät (1)
- Quaternary (1)
- RCM (1)
- Rechnungslegungsmanipulation (1)
- Recht (1)
- Renaturierung <Ökologie> (1)
- Renewable energy (1)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (1)
- Repräsentation <Politik> (1)
- Satellit (1)
- Schnee (1)
- Science-society collaboration (1)
- Screening (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Skala (1)
- Skalenabhängigkeit (1)
- Software (1)
- Soziale Medien (1)
- Soziales Engagement (1)
- Städtebau (1)
- Syrien (1)
- TCEP (1)
- Too-big to-fail (1)
- Traditionelle Siedlungsformen (1)
- Training (1)
- Transdisziplinarität (1)
- Umweltbelastung (1)
- Umweltverträglichkeit (1)
- Unsicherheit (1)
- Unternehmer (1)
- Unternehmerische Unverantwortlichkeit (1)
- Unternehmertum-Training (1)
- Unternehmerverhalten (1)
- Upper Jordan Valley (1)
- Urban planning (1)
- Vegetationsstruktur (1)
- Verantwortung (1)
- Verhandlung (1)
- Versagen (1)
- Vorstand (1)
- Waschmittel (1)
- Weichmacher (1)
- Weltraum (1)
- Weltraummüll (1)
- Wettbewerb (1)
- Wirtschaft (1)
- Wirtschaftsberichterstattung (1)
- Wohlbefinden (1)
- Zeit (1)
- action research (1)
- agency case studies (1)
- aid effectiveness (1)
- bank (1)
- bank bailout (1)
- banking crisis (1)
- bee colony health (1)
- bee-collected resins (1)
- beekeeping (1)
- bezahlte Suchkampagne (1)
- business performance (1)
- calamagrostis epigejos (1)
- calluna vulgaris (1)
- coastel environment (1)
- competition (1)
- context (1)
- corporate irresponsibility (1)
- disease resistance (1)
- disturbance (1)
- empoyee health (1)
- energy transition (1)
- entrepreneural learning (1)
- entrepreneurial empowerment (1)
- environment (1)
- error management (1)
- external appointees (1)
- failure (1)
- financial stability (1)
- flame retardants (1)
- germination ability (1)
- health aid (1)
- health-oriented leadership (1)
- high resolution mass stectrometry (1)
- infection (1)
- keyword-level data (1)
- multi-proxy Paläoumwelt (1)
- multi-prozy palaeoenvironment (1)
- nachhaltige Geschäftsmöglichkeiten (1)
- negotiation . meindest (1)
- non-target screening (1)
- numerical dating (1)
- numerische Datierung (1)
- organisationales Fehlverhalten (1)
- organizational failure (1)
- outsiders (1)
- paid search campaigns (1)
- palaeoclimate (1)
- palynology (1)
- political process (1)
- politischer Prozess (1)
- precipitation (1)
- problem (1)
- reflexive governance (1)
- scale (1)
- snowfall (1)
- social immunity (1)
- socio-technical transition (1)
- software (1)
- staatliche Baunormen (1)
- strategic management (1)
- strategisches Management (1)
- städtische Bauplanung (1)
- sustainability (1)
- sustainability transition (1)
- systemic risk (1)
- systemisches Rissiko (1)
- temporal and spatial scaling (1)
- time (1)
- traditional settlement (1)
- training (1)
- transformation (1)
- transformations (1)
- tree resins (1)
- unternehmerisches Empowerment (1)
- vegetation structure (1)
- wellbeing (1)
Institut
- Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften (9)
- Fakultät Nachhaltigkeit (5)
- Institut für Ökologie (IE) (3)
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie und Umweltchemie (INUC) (2)
- Berufs- und Wirtschaftspäd. (1)
- Fakultät Kulturwissenschaften (1)
- Institut für Bank-, Finanz und Gründungsmanagement (IBFG) (1)
- Institut für Ethik und Transdisziplinäre Nachhaltigkeitsforschung (IETSR) (1)
- Institut für Experimentelle Wirtschaftspsychologie (Lünelab) (1)
- Institut für Politikwissenschaft (IPW) (1)
Quality of life and satisfaction with life are of particular importance for individuals as well as for society concerning the “demographic change” with now longer retirement periods. This study will contribute to the life satisfaction discussion and quantifies life satisfaction and pattern of explanation before and after such a prominent life cycle event, the entrance into retirement. In particular, with the individual longitudinal data and 33 waves of the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the appropriate microeconometric causal fixed effects robust panel methods we ask and quantify if actual life satisfaction indeed is decreasing before re-tirement, is increasing at the entrance into retirement, and is decreasing then after certain periods back to a foregoing level. Thus, we ask if such an anticipation and adaptation pattern– as known from other promi-nent events – is also to discover for life satisfaction before and after retirement in Germany. Main result: Individual and family situation lift life satisfaction after retirement for many years, the (former) occupational situation, however, absorbs this effect both for pensioners and civil service pensioners. It remains only one period of improvement with close anticipation and adaptation at entering retirement but no furthermore significant change compared to pre-retirement life satisfaction. This holds for pensioners (German pension insurance, GRV) but there is no significant effect at all for civil service pensioners.
The German energy system is under transformation. The so-called Energiewende (in English, Energy turn) relies, among other things, on renewable energies for building a more sustainable energy system. Regions (Landkreise) are one relevant level where different administrative bodies make decisions and plans both for the implementation and for the use of renewable energies. However, in order to realize the goals of the Energiewende, developments in the wider society are necessary. This is why, scientific research can and should foster such developments with more research on the social aspects of energy-related topics. The present work contributes to the understanding of transition processes towards a sustainable use of regional renewable energy by focusing on the role of contextual conditions, practical experiences, and temporal dynamics in the implementation and use of renewable energy in German regions. In this way, this work wants to contribute fostering the development of regional energy transition strategies for the realization of the Energiewende. The conceptual background for this piece of transformation research lies in three bodies of literature dealing respectively with transitions of socio-technical systems, transformations of socioecological systems, and time ecology. From a critical engagement with this literature, three main results have emerged. First, an evidence-based, spatially distinct analysis of contextual conditions for the use of renewable energy in all German regions has resulted in the identification of nine types of regions, so-called energy context types. Second, empirical research on practices in regional settings learned from the knowhow of actors from regional administration has shown that political and economic conditions are crucial as well as that process management, exchange, and learning are helpful for renewable energy implementation. Third, conceptual work about a deeper understanding of the temporal dimensions of transformation processes has made it possible to point out a three-step approach to include temporal dynamics into sustainability transformations management - the time-in-transformations-approach. The literature suggests that regions need to be treated individually; but developing an energy transition strategy for each region individually would be extremely resource intensive. Overall, my work outlines a compromise for a more efficient approach towards regional energy transition strategies which still considers the individuality of regions. As a result, I suggest to develop generic regional energy transition strategies that are adapted to each of the nine energy context types of German regions, that include the experiences of practitioners, and that consider temporal dynamics of transformation processes. Transdisciplinary research is a promising approach to meet many of the challenges for the realization of the Energiewende. A transdisciplinary steering board on the national level could create generic regional energy transition strategies that guide the energy transition and give clear goals and orientation for the realization of policies on the lower levels. On the regional level, these strategies would need to be adapted with regard to each region´s situation. Relying on the results of my research, I conclude that this could also be informed through transdisciplinary processes.
Over the last decades corporate irresponsibility has gained increasing interest among practitioners and researchers. Corporate irresponsibility is often the result of intentionally irresponsible strategies, decisions, or actions, which negatively affect an identifiable stakeholder or environment. For instance, these range from the violation of the human rights and labor standards to environmental damages. Organizations enacting irresponsible practices rely on different factors upon multiple levels (field, organizational, individual) and its interrelations as well as processes evolving within the organization leading to such behavior. However, reasons for the occurrence of and explanations for corporate irresponsibility so far have been limited, leaving a fragmented understanding of this phenomenon. This dissertation helps to improve the understanding and explanation of corporate irresponsibility by identifying driving patterns of corporate irresponsibility and showing how the interactions across multiple levels add to this phenomenon. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the topic of corporate irresponsibility, the theoretical approaches of this dissertation and an introduction to the chapters. The second chapter offers a review and analysis of the corporate irresponsibility literature. The chapter presents a variance model outlining the concept, antecedents, moderators and outcomes of recent corporate irresponsibility literature as well as the different factors across levels (field, organizational, individual). Chapter 2 offers a critical analysis of what we know by referring to current literature and offers insights on what we don´t know by deriving main implications for future research on corporate irresponsibility. Chapter 3 enlarges the understanding of corporate irresponsibility introducing a process approach to explain how corporate irresponsibility evolves over time and under which conditions. Based on a qualitative meta-analysis findings converge around two distinct process paths of corporate irresponsibility, the opportunistic-proactive, and, the emerging-reactive, subdivided into three phases. Chapter 3 sheds different lights upon the phases of corporate irresponsibility and its underlying mechanisms. The final chapter 4 focuses on different underlying mechanisms driving the final downfall or demise of organizations, organizational failure. Chapter 4 offers an alternative explanation to the competing extremism and inertia mechanisms driving organizational failure in recent studies by suggesting that these explanations are rather complementary. In addition, chapter 4 enlarges the explanation of organizational failure identifying the role of conflict mechanisms and its interplay with rigidity mechanisms. In sum, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of what causes and increases corporate irresponsibility, and a better explanation of how and why corporate irresponsibility and organizational failure emerges, develops, grows or terminates over time. Hopefully all three articles motivate more research on this important topic to prevent such behavior in advance. 4
Does grass-roots civic engagement improve the quality of public services in countries in which formal oversight institutions are weak?´ It is obvious that formal oversight institutions are weak in developing countries, which causes low-quality public services. This weakness is particularly critical in the health sector - a service domain of crucial relevance for development. This observation has led practitioners to believe that the direct engagement of the beneficiaries of public services is a means to compensate the weakness of oversight institutions and to improve the quality of these services. Given that beneficiaries have incentives to demand good quality services, it is indeed logical to assume that their participation in the monitoring of public services helps to improve the quality of these very services. This positive view of grass-roots civic engagement resonates with the idea that an active civil society helps a political system to build up and sustain a high institutional performance In the eyes of the donors of development aid, this idea nurtures the expectation that strengthening civic engagement contributes to increased aid effectiveness. Accordingly, donor countries have increased their efforts to strengthen beneficiary participation since the 1990s, which moved the concepts of voice and accountability center-stage in the international development discourse. However, whether citizens´ capacity to exercise pressure on service providers and public officials really improves the effectiveness of development aid remains an unresolved question. Building upon recent experimental and comparative case study evidence, the thesis examines the role of citizens´ engagement in the effectiveness of development interventions. The focus is on such interventions in the health sector because population health is particularly critical for prosperity and development, and ultimately for democratization. The key question addressed is if and under what conditions ordinary people´s engagement in collective action and their inclination to raise their voice improves the effectiveness of development assistance for health (DAH). I analyze this question from an interactionist viewpoint, unraveling the complex interplay of civic engagement and health aid with three key institutional variables: (i) state capacity, (ii) liberal democracy and (iii) decentralized government. Drawing upon social capital theory, principal-agent theory, and selectorate theory, I provide compelling evidence that health aid effectiveness depends on (a) bo_om-up processes of demand from service users as well as (b) formal processes of top-down monitoring and horizontal oversight arrangements. In other words, the very interaction of behavioral and institutional factors drives the accountability in public service provision and thus the effectiveness of development assistance for health in recipient countries.
Nowadays, our (western-world) society is characterized by digitalization. This is realized by information and communication technologies, consuming a huge amount of energy. The fact that digitalization comes along with a lot of negative effects onto the environment is slightly known in the case of energy consumption by hardware, especially regarding mobile devices, having a limited battery life. However, awareness of environmental issues of software, being the driver of hardware, is mainly missing, even if the research field addressing corresponding issues is growing. Thus, the doctoral thesis at hand addresses the question How to draw (a) developers and (b) usersattention to environmental issues of software? By presenting (a) a calculation method of the carbon footprint of software projects and (b) a concept for an eco-label for software products, evaluated by a user survey, the doctoral thesis provides two strategies how to draw the attention to environmental issues of software. Summarizing, this thesis can act as a basis for further research in bridging from science to society in the context of environmental issues of software. Its findings can be seen as starting points for practical implementations of methods and tools supporting a more environmentally friendly way of developing software and informing about environmental issues of software usage. In order to get the implementation of the research results of the thesis going, it highlights practical implications for diverse groups of stakeholders - researchers, certifiers, public administration and professional purchasers, and environmental associations - that have been identified as being important for the practical implementation of the presented concepts and, thus, represent the target group of the doctoral thesis.
Employee health is an important factor for individual and organizational performance. In particular the healthcare sector is characterized by high physical and mental demands that result in poor employee health and high levels of sick leave. One way to support employee health at the workplace is through leadership. By creating a healthy work environment and climate, leadership can promote employee health and well-being, in particular health-specific leadership. Health-specific leadership can be understood as managers explicit focus on employee health. However, there has been scant insights into contextual factors that are relevant for health-specific leadership. This dissertation aims to investigate the relevance of contextual factors for health-specific leadership and its relationship with employee health. Three studies were conducted to identify relevant individual and work-related characteristics for health-specific leadership as well as to investigate the influence of specific individual and organizational factors. The first study is a questionnaire-based survey with 861 healthcare employees. Its findings show a positive relationship between health-specific leadership and employee health in the healthcare sector. Social demands and social resources are analysed as mediating factors. Furthermore, the affective commitment of employees is considered as an additional outcome of health-specific leadership. The second study identifies drivers and barriers for health-specific leadership in an explorative design based on 51 interviews with healthcare managers and collates these factors with the theoretical background. The findings show various influencing factors relating to leadership, employees, and the organization. The third study investigates the influence of individual factors on health-specific leadership and is based on a questionnaire survey among 525 healthcare employees. Managers personal initiative and employee self-care influence the relationship between health-specific leadership and employee burnout in different ways. In summary, this dissertation contributes to the literature by putting health-specific leadership into context and providing insights into influencing factors. The findings broaden the understanding of how health-specific leadership can influence employee health. The implications for theory and practice are discussed and directions for future research are outlined.
Restoration and management of abandoned, dry continental heathland and sandy grassland communities
(2018)
Land-use changes and long-term abandonment are main drivers that change ecosystem functioning and cause biodiversity loss of many semi-natural habitats, such as heathlands and grasslands. Traditional management measures such as low-intensity grazing created these semi-open landscapes and maintained a high species richness. However, from the middle of the 19th century onwards, traditional management practices began to decline due to socio-economic changes, and large areas of heathlands and grasslands were subjected to succession and reverted to woodland. Nowadays, dry heathlands as well as dry sandy grasslands are recognized as being of high conservation value and classified as ´habitats of community interest´ (´European dry heaths´, habitat code 4030; ´Xeric sand calcareous grasslands´, habitat code *6120). Whereas heathlands in the Atlantic biogeographical region have been in the centre of interest, dry heathland communities in the Continental biogeographical region have been widely neglected, even though they comprise 30 percent of all dry heaths as well as 89 percent of all dry sandy grasslands, respectively, in Europe. Thereby, the conservation status of both habitat types is listed as unfavourable-bad across the Continental biogeographical region. Surprisingly, no detailed studies are available on cost-efficient and sustainable restoration and management schemes to successfully restore and maintain highly degraded, long-abandoned Continental heaths and sandy grasslands, and thus, to counteract the poor conservation status of the habitat types. This shows the great need for research for the Continental biogeographical region (chapter I). Thus, the present thesis provides substantial knowledge about the population dynamics of the key plant species of dry heaths Calluna vulgaris (L.) HULL (henceforth referred to as Calluna) by investigating key processes in the biology of the species as well as about the restoration and management of long-abandoned, dry Continental heathland and sandy grassland communities. In order to better understand the process of successful Continental heathland restoration, I analysed the reproductive potential (seed production, soil seed bank, and germination ability of seeds) of degenerate Calluna stands as well as the effects of single and combined management options on the generative rejuvenation (i.e., recruitment and survival) of Calluna (chapter II). The results are based on a comprehensive three-year field experiment including the management options year-round, low-intensity cattle and horse grazing, one-time mowing and one-time shallow soil disturbances combined with greenhouse investigations on the soil seed bank content and germination ability of Calluna seeds. The results showed that even after long-term abandonment, seed production of degenerate Calluna stands and the germination ability of seeds proved to be high, being similar to Atlantic heathlands, whereas the soil seed bank is considerably reduced probably due to the dry conditions in the Continental region. In addition, low-intensity grazing with free-ranging robust breeds and the combination with one-time mowing at the beginning of the restoration process is an effective means of supporting the generative rejuvenation of this key plant species in degraded Continental heaths. The second study of this thesis (chapter III) focussed on the first-year establishment of Calluna in managed and unmanaged dry heaths and heaths in mosaics with dry sandy grasslands. The germination ability of seeds of different life-history phases of Calluna was analysed to determine if the predominance of the late life-history phase restricts the rejuvenation process of this key plant species. In addition, beside effects of management measures (year-round, low-intensity grazing, one-time mowing, one-time shallow soil disturbances) I analysed the most important safe site conditions that possibly influenced the germination and the first-year survival of Calluna. The results of the study combine field experiments with growth chamber investigations. I found that life-history phase of Calluna did not significantly affect seed germination and thus, the predominance of the degenerate life-history phase does not restrict the rejuvenation process. In addition, the results of my study revealed that grazing and thus trampling intensity must be temporarily and locally enhanced at the beginning of the restoration process of highly degraded heaths to increase safe site availability for successful Calluna establishment. Thereby, shadowing is the most important safe site condition that limit Calluna recruitment and survival in the first year in both degraded heaths as well as in mosaics with sandy grasslands, since seedlings receiving full sunlight die significantly more frequently than slightly or fully shaded seedlings. In the third study (chapter IV), I investigated the impacts of year-round low-intensity cattle and horse grazing on the development of the highly competitive grass Calamagrostis epigejos (henceforth referred to as Calamagrostis), as well as the vegetation structure and plant species richness of long-abandoned but nutrient-poor dry heathland and sandy grassland communities, their mosaics and Calamagrostis stands. Finally, I assessed the local conservation status of the habitat types after seven years of grazing in comparison to long-abandoned sites. The results are based on a comprehensive field study on two spatial scales (plot-level: 25 square meters, macroplot-level: 1 ha). I found that grazing successfully reduced the coverage and prevented the further spread of Calamagrostis, while simultaneously maintained or improved characteristic species richness and vegetation structure across the different nutrient-poor vegetation types over time, and thus enhanced the local conservation status of habitat types of community interest. In conclusion, the results of my studies considerably improved the understanding of dry, Continental heathland and sandy grassland restoration and management. They provide evidence that even after long-term management abandonment, year-round low-intensity cattle and horse grazing is a suitable management tool for restoring, maintaining and even improving nutrient-poor heathland and sandy grassland communities. However, at the beginning of the restoration process, additional management measures are necessary to faster restore abandoned habitats, especially highly degraded heaths.
The concept of empowerment has gained considerable attention in the field of international development. Institutions such as the World Bank and the United Nations invest considerable funds and efforts trying to facilitate empowerment in developing countries. This is because empowerment is seen as a positive phenomenon that can positively impact on people and their environment. Empowerment provides an implemental mindset that makes people look for the means to action and be ready to move forward toward their goals. Thus, empowerment becomes important when people need to take action and be innovative in overcoming scarcity and fighting against poverty. Research shows the positive effects of empowerment on entrepreneurship-related behavior and outcomes such as proactive behavior, goal achievement, and innovation. Yet, there is a dearth of research addressing the phenomenon of empowerment in entrepreneurship. This dissertation aims to contribute to the understanding of the role of empowerment in entrepreneurship and its effects. Particularly, this dissertation targets the interplay between empowerment and entrepreneurship in the context of developing countries. Chapter 1 provides a general overview of the different topics of this dissertation. Chapter 2, introduces the construct of psychological empowerment at work as the theoretical foundation to advocate for the importance of empowerment in entrepreneurship. The chapter takes initial steps in drawing the rationale and identifying empirical evidence for the relationship between empowerment and entrepreneurial behavior and outcomes. Specifically, the chapter links the components of psychological empowerment to concrete action characteristics in entrepreneurship such as effectuation and experimentation. Chapter 3 establishes a first empirical link between empowerment and entrepreneurship. The chapter provides the construct of entrepreneurial empowerment and develops a multidimensional measure to measure its dimensions. By means of a nomological network, the chapter reveals the relations of entrepreneurial empowerment with relevant constructs and outcomes derived from entrepreneurship and empowerment research such as innovation, self-reliance, and decision-making. Chapter 4 posits entrepreneurship training, particularly personal initiative training and business literacy training, as effective means to facilitate entrepreneurial empowerment and its effect on business performance. The chapter uncovers the mechanisms accounting for the relationship between entrepreneurship training and entrepreneurial empowerment. Chapter 5 provides general theoretical and practical contributions and finishes with a general conclusion. This dissertation contributes to the understanding of empowerment in entrepreneurship and its effects on business performance in the context of developing countries. The studies embedded in this dissertation can serve to further the development of theory and research that advances groundwork of empowerment in entrepreneurship. The construct of entrepreneurial empowerment can stimulate the use of more accurate indicators when conceptualizing and investigating the process and consequences of empowerment in entrepreneurship and international development.
The process perspective provides a unifying framework that has substantially contributed to our understanding of entrepreneurship. However, much of the research up to now has neglected this process oriented conception of entrepreneurship. There is therefore a need for studies that take the inherent dynamic processes into account and analyze the underlying mechanisms when researching entrepreneurship. This dissertation aims to improve our understanding of the entrepreneurial process. Specifically, this dissertation focuses on new venture creation and the processes of sustainable opportunity identification and opportunity deviation. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction that highlights the theoretical contributions of this dissertation and gives an overview over the conducted studies. Chapter 2 argues for a process model of entrepreneurship that places entrepreneurs and their actions center stage. The model combines different perspectives and levels of analysis and provides an integrative framework for researching new venture creation. In chapter 3 we establish and test a theoretical model of sustainable opportunity identification. The chapter explains how younger generations identify sustainable opportunities. The findings indicate that sustainable opportunity identification is a process with two transitions from problem to solution identification and from solution identification to sustainable opportunity identification. These transitions are contingent on awareness of consequences and entrepreneurial attitude. Chapter 4 offers insights into how deviation from the original opportunity increases the performance of entrepreneurial teams. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial teams with a high level of error orientation set themselves higher goals when deviating from their original opportunity. Higher goals then lead to higher team performance. Chapter 5 summarizes the overall findings and outlines the general theoretical and practical implications. Each chapter thus contributes to the process perspective by focusing on how different phases of the entrepreneurial process unfold and develop over time. Thereby, this dissertation advances our understanding of entrepreneurship as a process.