Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Dissertation (255)
- Research Paper (35)
- Bericht (15)
- Bachelorarbeit (14)
- Masterarbeit (14)
- Teil eines Buches (Kapitel) (10)
- Habilitation (7)
- Buch (Monographie) (6)
- Beitrag in Konferenzband (6)
- Diplomarbeit (5)
- Wissenschaftlicher Artikel (4)
- Arbeitspapier (3)
- Sonstiges (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (375) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Nachhaltigkeit (27)
- Biodiversität (12)
- Entrepreneurship (11)
- Export (10)
- Produktivität (10)
- Deutschland (9)
- sustainability (9)
- Exports (8)
- Germany (8)
- productivity (8)
- Governance (6)
- Ökosystem (6)
- Entwicklungsländer (5)
- Landwirtschaft (5)
- Management (5)
- Training (5)
- Transformation (5)
- Umwelt (5)
- Unternehmensgründung (5)
- Versicherung (5)
- biodiversity (5)
- micro data (5)
- Ökologie (5)
- Arzneimittel (4)
- Insekten (4)
- Personenbezogene Daten (4)
- Persönlichkeit (4)
- Transdisziplinarität (4)
- developing countries (4)
- ecosystem services (4)
- insurance (4)
- wages (4)
- China (3)
- Discrimination (3)
- Diskriminierung (3)
- Forschung und Entwicklung (3)
- Fotolyse (3)
- Führung (3)
- Gerechtigkeit (3)
- Gesundheit (3)
- Kulturlandschaft (3)
- Lernen (3)
- Pestizid (3)
- Psychologie (3)
- Sediment (3)
- Sustainability (3)
- Unternehmen (3)
- Wirtschaftspsychologie (3)
- entrepreneurship (3)
- governance (3)
- social-ecological systems (3)
- training (3)
- Ökonomie <Begriff> (3)
- Abwasseranalyse (2)
- Arbeitsmotivation (2)
- Arbeitsproduktivität (2)
- Arbeitspsychologie (2)
- Artenreichtum (2)
- Auslandsaufenthalt (2)
- Auslandsinvestition (2)
- Auswahl (2)
- Bank (2)
- Betriebsrat (2)
- Biodegradability (2)
- Biodegradation (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biologische Abbaubarkeit (2)
- Biologischer Abbau (2)
- Circular Economy (2)
- Depression (2)
- Einkommensverteilung (2)
- Eisenbahn (2)
- Elfter September (2)
- Emission (2)
- Energiewende (2)
- Europäische Union (2)
- Flammschutzmittel (2)
- Geographie (2)
- Gewerkschaft (2)
- Globalisierung (2)
- Haftpflichtrisiko (2)
- Heide (2)
- Humanvermögen (2)
- Innovation (2)
- Interaktion (2)
- Interessenverband (2)
- Investition (2)
- Israel (2)
- Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (2)
- Kognition (2)
- Konsumentenverhalten (2)
- Lohn (2)
- Motivation (2)
- Naturschutz (2)
- New Economic Geography (2)
- New Economy (2)
- Personalpolitik (2)
- Perspektive (2)
- Peru (2)
- Pflanzen (2)
- Pharmaceuticals (2)
- Photolysis (2)
- R&D (2)
- Regulierung (2)
- Schadstoff (2)
- Selbständigkeit (2)
- September 11th (2)
- Städtebau (2)
- Tourismus (2)
- Toxizität (2)
- Umfrage (2)
- Umweltbezogenes Management (2)
- Umweltpolitik (2)
- Umweltökonomie (2)
- Unsicherheit (2)
- Unternehmer (2)
- Verantwortung (2)
- Verhandlung (2)
- Vertical Linkages (2)
- Verwaltung (2)
- Vorstand (2)
- Vögel (2)
- Wald (2)
- Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (2)
- Wasserwirtschaft (2)
- Weltraum (2)
- adjustment costs (2)
- agri-environmental policy (2)
- agriculture (2)
- agro-biodiversity (2)
- calluna vulgaris (2)
- congested public inputs (2)
- cultural landscape (2)
- deregulation (2)
- ecosystem management (2)
- energy transition (2)
- exporter wage premium (2)
- food security (2)
- foreign direct investment (2)
- heterogeneous firms (2)
- innovation (2)
- interest groups (2)
- landscape ecology (2)
- management (2)
- natural monopoly (2)
- plant-insect interactions (2)
- problem-solving (2)
- risk-aversion (2)
- scale (2)
- sozial (2)
- transdisciplinarity (2)
- transformation (2)
- union membership (2)
- Äthiopien (2)
- Öffentliches Gut (2)
- 3D modelling (1)
- Abandonment (1)
- Abbau (1)
- Absetzen (1)
- Abwassermarkierungsstoffe (1)
- Abwasserreinigung (1)
- Abweichung (1)
- Activated Sludge (1)
- Affekt (1)
- African Union (1)
- Agency-Theorie (1)
- Agrarplanung (1)
- Agrarsystem (1)
- Agrarwirtschaft (1)
- Agrarökosystem (1)
- Algenkultur (1)
- Algorithmus (1)
- Alpen (1)
- Alpine region (1)
- Altlastsanierung (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Anden (1)
- Anfang (1)
- Anger (1)
- Angst (1)
- Anpassungskosten (1)
- Antibiotikum (1)
- Anticancer Drug (1)
- Antriebstechnik (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Aquatic environment (1)
- Aquatisches Ökosystem (1)
- Arbeitgeber (1)
- Arbeitnehmer (1)
- Arbeitsbedingungen (1)
- Arbeitslosigkeit (1)
- Arbeitsmarkt (1)
- Arbeitsökonomie (1)
- Arctic Atmosphere (1)
- Arktis (1)
- Armut (1)
- Armutsbekämpfung (1)
- Art (1)
- Artenvielfalt (1)
- Atmosphäre (1)
- Audit Digitization (1)
- Audit Quality (1)
- Aufsichtsrat (1)
- Auktion (1)
- Ausfuhrüberschuss (1)
- Auslandsmitarbeiter (1)
- Auslandstätigkeit (1)
- Automobilindustrie (1)
- Autonomes Fahren (1)
- BEF-China (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Ballungsraum (1)
- Banken (1)
- Bankenkrisen (1)
- Bankenrettung (1)
- Banks (1)
- Baum (1)
- Baye´sche-Statistik (1)
- Beitrag (1)
- Benzo[a]Pyren (1)
- Benzopyrane (1)
- Berufseinstellung (1)
- Berufslaufbahn (1)
- Berufsvorbereitung (1)
- Berufswahl (1)
- Berufung (1)
- Beschäftigung (1)
- Beschäftigungspflicht (1)
- Bestäuber (1)
- Betrieb / Umwelt (1)
- Bevölkerungswachstum (1)
- Bevölkerungsökonomie (1)
- Big Data (1)
- Bioassay (1)
- Biochar (1)
- Biodiversitätsforschung (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Biologische Abwasserreinigung (1)
- Biologische Landwirtschaft (1)
- Biologischer Landbau (1)
- Biomasse (1)
- Biomasseverbrennung (1)
- Biotechnologie (1)
- Birds (1)
- Bodengüte (1)
- Bondholder Relations (1)
- Brache (1)
- Brasilien (1)
- CMAQ (1)
- Calamagrostis epigejos (1)
- Cargo Bike (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Civic engagement (1)
- Cognition (1)
- Collaborative Energy Visioning (1)
- Computergestütze Psychotherapie (1)
- Computerspiel (1)
- Congestion (1)
- Consumer Protection (1)
- Controlling (1)
- Corporate Bond (1)
- Corporate Disclosure (1)
- Corporate Entrepreneurship (1)
- Corporate Governance (1)
- Cytostatikum (1)
- DSGE model (1)
- Damascus (1)
- Damaskus (1)
- Data Mining (1)
- Data mining (1)
- Datenanalyse (1)
- Datenerhebung auf Keyword-Ebene (1)
- Decision-Making (1)
- Decline (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Dekomposition der Ungleichheit (1)
- Demokratisierung (1)
- Deregulierung (1)
- Derivate (1)
- Derivatives (1)
- Design (1)
- Design Science Research (1)
- Designwissenschaft <Informatik> (1)
- Deutsche <Bundesrepublik> (1)
- Developing politics (1)
- Deviation (1)
- Diasporenbank (1)
- Discourse studies (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Diversität (1)
- Document Analysis (1)
- Dorf (1)
- Driving Behaviour (1)
- E-Learning (1)
- EU Water Framework Directive (1)
- EURO-CORDEX (1)
- Earnings Management (1)
- East Germany (1)
- Eco-effective Products (1)
- Economic growth (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Ecuador (1)
- Eductive Stability (1)
- Effektivität (1)
- Efficiency (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Effizienzanalyse (1)
- Egypt (1)
- Eiderstedt (1)
- Eigeninitiative (1)
- Einkommensunterschied (1)
- Einwanderung (1)
- Elektrifizierung (1)
- Elektromobilität (1)
- Emission model (1)
- Emissionsmodell (1)
- Emotions (1)
- Empowerment (1)
- Ende (1)
- Energie (1)
- Energieeffizienz (1)
- Energiepolitik (1)
- Energiepreis (1)
- Energieweltwirtschaft (1)
- Energy Policy (1)
- Energy Prices (1)
- Entrepeneurship (1)
- Entry (1)
- Entscheidungsprozess (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental Communication (1)
- Environmental Monitoring (1)
- Environmental Non-Governmental Organisations (1)
- Environmental governance (1)
- Erfolg (1)
- Ergebnissteuerung (1)
- Erhebung (1)
- Erneuerbare Energie (1)
- Erneuerbare Energien (1)
- Ernährungssicherung (1)
- Error Management (1)
- Ertrag (1)
- Erwartung (1)
- Europa (1)
- Excludable and Non-excludable Public Goods (1)
- Exit from unemployment (1)
- Export entry (1)
- Export-sales ratio (1)
- Exportverhalten (1)
- Externe (1)
- Fahrerverhalten (1)
- Failure (1)
- Familienunternehmen (1)
- Family Firms (1)
- Fatty Acids (1)
- Fehleranalyse (1)
- Fehlerbehandlung (1)
- Fehlermanagement (1)
- Fehlerverhütung (1)
- Ferntourismus (1)
- Fernunterricht (1)
- Fettsäuren (1)
- Feuchtgebiet (1)
- Financial Reporting Quality (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Finanzstabilität (1)
- Fiscal and institutional policy (1)
- Fischerei (1)
- Fiskalpolitik (1)
- Flood (1)
- Flow-Shop-Problem (1)
- Flow-Shop-Scheduling (1)
- Fonds (1)
- Forschung (1)
- Forschungsevaluation (1)
- Forstwirtschaft (1)
- Franchising (1)
- Frauenförderung (1)
- Freier Beruf (1)
- Fremdsprachenlernen (1)
- Führungskräfte (1)
- Führungspsychologie (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GIS (1)
- Gamification (1)
- Gamifizierung (1)
- Gefühl (1)
- Gemeinwohl (1)
- Generationengerechtigkeit (1)
- Genotoxicity (1)
- Gentoxikologie (1)
- Geoinformationssystem (1)
- German Socio-Economic Panel (1)
- German Time Use Surveys (1)
- German unions (1)
- Geschlechterrollen (1)
- Geschäftsführung (1)
- Geschäftsmodell (1)
- Gesundheitsmarkt (1)
- Gesundheitsorientierte Führung (1)
- Gesundheitspolitik (1)
- Gesundheitssektor (1)
- Gesundheitsspezifische Führung (1)
- Gewalt (1)
- Gewalttoleranz (1)
- Gewerkschaftsmitglied (1)
- Gewässer (1)
- Gewässerbelastung (1)
- Governance System (1)
- Governmental activity (1)
- Graphen (1)
- Graslandschaft (1)
- Growth (1)
- Großbritannien (1)
- Grundschüler (1)
- Health-specific leadership (1)
- Heidemahd (1)
- Heterogenität (1)
- Hochschule (1)
- Hochschulwahl (1)
- Hohe Einkommen (1)
- Holocene (1)
- Holozän (1)
- Human Resource Management (1)
- Human Rights (1)
- Human resource management (1)
- Hydrological tracers (1)
- Identification (1)
- Ili Delta (1)
- Indien (1)
- Indigenous peoples (1)
- Informatics (1)
- Informatik (1)
- Informationsmanagement (1)
- Institutional Change (1)
- Institutional Ownership (1)
- Institutional change (1)
- Institutionelle Eigentümer (1)
- Institutioneller Wandel (1)
- Insurance (1)
- Integration (1)
- Interdisziplinarität (1)
- Interessengruppen (1)
- Internationaler Vergleich (1)
- Internationaler Wettbewerb (1)
- Internationales Wirtschaftsrecht (1)
- Internationalität (1)
- Internet (1)
- Invertebraten (1)
- Islam (1)
- Islamistic terror (1)
- Java (1)
- Jordan (1)
- Kapitalbedarf (1)
- Karriere (1)
- Kasachstan (1)
- Keimfähigkeit (1)
- Kind (1)
- Kleinbauer (1)
- Kleinkredit (1)
- Kleinunternehmen (1)
- Klima (1)
- Klimamodell (1)
- Klimasimulation (1)
- Klimaänderung (1)
- Kläranlage (1)
- Klärschlamm (1)
- Koalitionsbildung (1)
- Kollaborative Initiativen (1)
- Kommerzialisierung (1)
- Kommunikationstraining (1)
- Kompetenzdelegation (1)
- Konsum (1)
- Kontext (1)
- Kontextanalyse (1)
- Konvergenz (1)
- Kostenverteilung (1)
- Kraftfahrtversicherung (1)
- Kraftfahrzeugindustrie (1)
- Kreditkontrolle (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (1)
- Kultur (1)
- Kulturelle Anpassung (1)
- Kulturelle Entwicklung (1)
- Kulturerbe (1)
- Kulturpolitik (1)
- Kulturraum (1)
- Kulturtourismus (1)
- Kulturwirtschaft (1)
- Käfer (1)
- Küstengebiet (1)
- LC-HRMS (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- Labor Economics (1)
- Labor market (1)
- Labor productivity (1)
- Landnutzung (1)
- Landschaft (1)
- Landschaftsbiogeographie (1)
- Landschaftsschutz (1)
- Landschaftsökologie (1)
- Langstreckentransport (1)
- Large N-Analyse (1)
- Lastenfahrrad (1)
- Latent Profile Analysis (1)
- Latent variable modeling (1)
- Latente Variable (1)
- Laufkäfer (1)
- Learning (1)
- Leasing (1)
- Lebensmittelkontrolle (1)
- Lebensmittelproduktion (1)
- Lebensmittelsicherheit (1)
- Lebensraum (1)
- Lebensunterhalt (1)
- Leistungsbewertung (1)
- Leistungsmessung (1)
- Lernsoftware (1)
- Leverage Ratio (1)
- Leverage-Effekt (1)
- Levoglucosan (1)
- Liberal professions (Freie Berufe) (1)
- Lieferant (1)
- Lieferketten (1)
- Lieferung (1)
- Lineares Regressionsmodell (1)
- Lipide (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Liquidity Risc (1)
- Liquiditätsrisiko (1)
- Lobbyismus (1)
- Lohndifferenzierung (1)
- Lohnniveau (1)
- Lokales Suchverfahren (1)
- Luftaustausch (1)
- Luftverschmutzung (1)
- Ländlicher Raum (1)
- Löhne (1)
- Machado/Mata decomposition (1)
- Malaysia (1)
- Manager Effekte (1)
- Manipulation (1)
- Marketing (1)
- Marketing-Mix (1)
- Maschinenbelegungsplanung (1)
- Massendaten (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Maturity Model (1)
- Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung von Menschenhandel (1)
- Media (1)
- Medien (1)
- Mediennutzung (1)
- Meereis (1)
- Meerwasser (1)
- Meliponini (1)
- Mensch-Raubtier-Konflikte (1)
- Menschenhandel (1)
- Mental Disorder (1)
- Mental Health (1)
- Mental Models (1)
- Mentale Modelle (1)
- Mercury (1)
- Meta-Analyse (1)
- Meta-Analysis (1)
- Middle East (1)
- Migrant rights (1)
- Mill, John Stuart (1)
- Mindset (1)
- Mitarbeiter (1)
- Mitarbeitergesundheit (1)
- Mittelstand (1)
- Mittlerer Osten (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monopol (1)
- Monopolistic Competition (1)
- Monopolistische Konkurrenz (1)
- Moralisches Handeln <Motiv> (1)
- Motivationspsychologie (1)
- Multi-Level-Verwaltung (1)
- Mutagenität (1)
- Nachbarschaft (1)
- Nachfolge (1)
- Nachhaltiges Design (1)
- Nachhaltigkeits-Transition (1)
- Nachhaltigkeitsforschung (1)
- Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation (1)
- Nachhaltigkeitstransformation (1)
- Namibia (1)
- Nanotechnologie (1)
- Nascent entrepreneurs (1)
- Natural Language Processing (1)
- Natürliche Ressourcen (1)
- Natürliches Monopol (1)
- Negotiation (1)
- Neoinstitutionalismus (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- Netzwerkanalyse (1)
- Netzwerke (1)
- Neue Medien (1)
- Nichtstaatliche Organisation (1)
- Niederschlag (1)
- Nordafrika (1)
- Nordatlantik (1)
- Nordseeküste (1)
- North Africa (1)
- Nutzerverhalten (1)
- Nährstoffentzug (1)
- Nährstoffmangel (1)
- OPE (1)
- Obere Jordantal (1)
- Older Workers (1)
- Online-Marketing (1)
- Online-Spiel (1)
- Open Innovation (1)
- Opportunity (1)
- Optionsschein (1)
- Organisationswandel (1)
- Organisatorischer Teilbereich (1)
- Organophosphor (1)
- Organophosphorus (1)
- Ostdeutschland (1)
- Ostsee (1)
- Ozonisierung (1)
- Ozonungsprodukte (1)
- PAH (1)
- PAK (1)
- PBDEs (1)
- PFCs (1)
- Palynologie (1)
- Paläoklima (1)
- Pellicle (1)
- Personalauswahl (1)
- Personalbeurteilung (1)
- Personalentwicklung (1)
- Personalführung (1)
- Personalwesen (1)
- Persönlichkeitsentwicklung (1)
- Persönlichkeitsstruktur (1)
- Pesticide formulation (1)
- Pflanzenkohle (1)
- Pflege (1)
- Philippinen (1)
- Philippines (1)
- Philosophie (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Photodegradation (1)
- Pleistozän (1)
- Pluralismus (1)
- Polarraum (1)
- Polarregionen (1)
- Politik (1)
- Politische Verfolgung (1)
- Politisches Handeln (1)
- Population Economics (1)
- Post (1)
- Postal sector (1)
- Postmoderne (1)
- Potenzial (1)
- Poverty (1)
- Preisrisiko (1)
- Prestige (1)
- Principal-Agent Relationship (1)
- Prinzipal-Agenten-Struktur (1)
- Privatisierung von Weltraumaktivitäten (1)
- Problem (1)
- Product Differentiation (1)
- Produktdifferenzierung (1)
- Produktionsplanung (1)
- Produktmanagement (1)
- Produktmarketing (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Prozessperspektive (1)
- Prüfungsqualität (1)
- Psychische Gesundheit (1)
- Psychische Störung (1)
- Publikumsfonds (1)
- QSAR (1)
- Qualitative Forschung (1)
- Qualitative Reserach (1)
- Qualitative Sozialforschung (1)
- Quartär (1)
- Quartät (1)
- Quaternary (1)
- Quecksilber (1)
- RCM (1)
- Railway Industry (1)
- Rational Expectations (1)
- Reality (1)
- Rechnungslegungsmanipulation (1)
- Recht (1)
- Rechtsvergleich (1)
- Recruting (1)
- Regionalentwicklung (1)
- Reifegradmodell (1)
- Reifung (1)
- Reihenfolgeplanung (1)
- Reiseveranstalter (1)
- Reiseverhalten (1)
- Religion (1)
- Renaturierung <Ökologie> (1)
- Renewable energy (1)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (1)
- Repräsentation <Politik> (1)
- Research and Development (1)
- Retail Fonds (1)
- Retirement (1)
- Risiko (1)
- Risikoanalyse (1)
- Risikoausschluss (1)
- Risikobewertung (1)
- Risikokapital (1)
- Robustheit (1)
- Ruhestand (1)
- Rundfunk (1)
- Räumliche Verteilung (1)
- Rückgang (1)
- SMOKE-EV (1)
- Samen (1)
- Satellit (1)
- Say-on-Pay (1)
- Schadstofftransport (1)
- Schlüsselkompetenz (1)
- Schnee (1)
- Schwerbehinderter (1)
- Schädlingsbekämpfung (1)
- Science-society collaboration (1)
- Screening (1)
- Sea Ice (1)
- Selbsteinschätzung (1)
- Selbstregulation (1)
- Selbstschutz (1)
- Selbstständiger (1)
- Selbständige (1)
- Simulated Annealing (1)
- Skala (1)
- Skalenabhängigkeit (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Social entrepreneurship (1)
- Social standards (1)
- Socio-Cognitive Model (1)
- Socio-technical Systems (1)
- Software (1)
- Softwareentwicklung (1)
- Solar (1)
- Soziale Integration (1)
- Soziale Medien (1)
- Soziales Engagement (1)
- Soziales System (1)
- Sozialklausel (1)
- Sozio-technische Systeme (1)
- Sozioökonomisches Panel (1)
- Sparen (1)
- Spiel (1)
- Spielbasiertes Fremdsprachenlernen (1)
- Staatstätigkeit (1)
- Stabilität (1)
- Stachellose Biene (1)
- Stadtverkehr (1)
- States´egislative practices (1)
- Stickstoffbelastung (1)
- Stochastik (1)
- Stochastische Dominanz (1)
- Strontium (1)
- Strukturfonds (1)
- Subsaharisches Afrika (1)
- Sustainability Transformation (1)
- Sustainability governnace (1)
- Sustainable Design (1)
- Sustainable Development Goals (1)
- Sustainable Product-Service (1)
- Sustainable development (1)
- Syrien (1)
- Systemdenken (1)
- Systems thinking (1)
- São Paulo (1)
- Süßstoff (1)
- TCEP (1)
- Tagebuch (1)
- Teamführung (1)
- Terrorismus (1)
- Textile Leasing (1)
- Textilien (1)
- Textilindustrie (1)
- Theater (1)
- Thermal energy storage (1)
- Too-big to-fail (1)
- Totholz (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Tracer (1)
- Traditionelle Siedlungsformen (1)
- Transaction Cost Theory (1)
- Transaktionskosten (1)
- Transformation products (1)
- Transitionsmanagement (1)
- Transnational civil society (1)
- Trinkwasser (1)
- Täuschung (1)
- UV photolysis (1)
- Uganda (1)
- Umweltbelastung (1)
- Umweltbildung (1)
- Umweltgefährdung (1)
- Umweltkommunikation (1)
- Umweltplanung (1)
- Umweltschutz (1)
- Umweltverträglichkeit (1)
- Umweltüberwachung (1)
- University Choice (1)
- Unternehmensbezogene Dienstleistung (1)
- Unternehmenserfolg (1)
- Unternehmensethik (1)
- Unternehmenskultur (1)
- Unternehmensperformance (1)
- Unternehmensplanung (1)
- Unternehmer Einkommensteuerstatistik (1)
- Unternehmerische Unverantwortlichkeit (1)
- Unternehmertum-Training (1)
- Unternehmerverhalten (1)
- Unwissenheit (1)
- Upper Jordan Valley (1)
- Urban Mobility (1)
- Urban planning (1)
- Utilitarismus (1)
- Vagheit (1)
- Vegetationsstruktur (1)
- Verband der Netzbetreiber (1)
- Verbraucherschutz (1)
- Verbrennung (1)
- Verbundwirtschaft (1)
- Vereinigte Staaten (1)
- Vereinte Nationen (1)
- Verfall (1)
- Vergütung (1)
- Vergütungsvotum (1)
- Verhalten (1)
- Verhaltenstherapie (1)
- Verhandlungsergebnis (1)
- Verhandlungsführung (1)
- Versagen (1)
- Versicherungswert (1)
- Verstädterung (1)
- Verteilungsgerechtigkeit (1)
- Vertical Differentiation (1)
- Vertical Integration (1)
- Vertikale Bindung (1)
- Vertikale Produktdifferenzierung (1)
- Vertikale Verknüpfungen (1)
- Verwaltungsinformatik (1)
- Verwaltungsreform (1)
- Virtuality (1)
- Vögel in Agrarlandschaften (1)
- Wage dispersion (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Waldökologie (1)
- Waldökosystem (1)
- Warrants (1)
- Waschmittel (1)
- Wasserbehandlung (1)
- Wassergüte (1)
- Wassermangel (1)
- Wasserqualität (1)
- Wasserverschmutzung (1)
- Wasserzyklus (1)
- Wastewater treatment plant (1)
- Water Recycling (1)
- Water Resources Management (1)
- Water pollution (1)
- Water treatment (1)
- Weather Parameter (1)
- Weibliches Unternehmertum (1)
- Weichmacher (1)
- Weide (1)
- Weltraumabkommen (1)
- Weltraummüll (1)
- Weltraumpolitik (1)
- Werbewirkung (1)
- Werbung (1)
- Wert (1)
- Wertpapieremission (1)
- West Germany (1)
- Westdeutschland (1)
- Wettbewerb (1)
- Wetter (1)
- Widerstandsfähigkeit (1)
- Windenergie (1)
- Wirbeltiere (1)
- Wirtschaft (1)
- Wirtschaftliches Wachstum (1)
- Wirtschaftsberichterstattung (1)
- Wirtschaftskreislauf (1)
- Wirtschaftsrecht (1)
- Wirtschaftswachstum (1)
- Wissenschaftsphilosophie (1)
- Wissensmanagement (1)
- Wissensproduktion (1)
- Wohlbefinden (1)
- Work Motivation (1)
- Works councils (1)
- World Wide Web 2.0 (1)
- Wärmespeicher (1)
- XML-Standard (1)
- Zahnschmelz (1)
- Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) (1)
- Zeit (1)
- Zeitbudgetforschung (1)
- Zentralitätsmaßen (1)
- Zerfall (1)
- Zerstörung (1)
- Zielkonflikt (1)
- Zugeständnis (1)
- Zuverlässigkeit (1)
- Zuwanderungsrecht (1)
- action research (1)
- advertising research (1)
- affect regulation (1)
- affective events theory (1)
- agency case studies (1)
- agglomeration (1)
- agro-ecosystem management (1)
- aid effectiveness (1)
- algal-bacterial culture (1)
- anti-trafficking enforcement (1)
- atmosphere (1)
- bacterial composition (1)
- bank (1)
- bank bailout (1)
- banking crisis (1)
- bee colony health (1)
- bee-collected resins (1)
- beekeeping (1)
- bezahlte Suchkampagne (1)
- bioassays (1)
- biomass burning (1)
- biotechnology (1)
- brownfield redevelopment (1)
- business creation (1)
- business ethics (1)
- business model (1)
- business performance (1)
- business services (1)
- calamagrostis epigejos (1)
- calling (1)
- capital requirements (1)
- career (1)
- career preparation (1)
- case survey (1)
- centrality measures (1)
- challenge (1)
- chance equality (1)
- climate (1)
- climate change (1)
- coastel environment (1)
- collaboration (1)
- collaborative energy visioning (1)
- collaborative governance (1)
- collaborative initiatives (1)
- communication (1)
- company (1)
- competition (1)
- conceptual vagueness (1)
- conservation (1)
- consumer behaviour (1)
- context (1)
- continuous treatment (1)
- contribution (1)
- converging institutions (1)
- converging technologies (1)
- corporate irresponsibility (1)
- corporate sicial responsibility (CSR) (1)
- corporate sustainability (1)
- countryside biogeography (1)
- cpace treaties (1)
- credit constraints (1)
- cultural landscapes (1)
- cultural tourism (1)
- culture (1)
- deception (1)
- decline in German unionism (1)
- decomposition (1)
- democratic theory (1)
- diary study (1)
- digital equity (1)
- digital game-based language learning (1)
- digital game-enhanced language learning (1)
- digitale Teilhabe (1)
- digitales Fremdsprachenlernen (1)
- dimensions of transformation (1)
- disability (1)
- discriminatory-price auction (1)
- disease resistance (1)
- distributive justice (1)
- disturbance (1)
- dose-response function (1)
- dynamic economy-environment interaction (1)
- earnings differential (1)
- ecological economics (1)
- ecological services (1)
- ecological-economic systems (1)
- economic behavior (1)
- economic empowerment (1)
- ecosystem functioning (1)
- ecosystem quality (1)
- emerging pollutants (1)
- employment (1)
- employment quota (1)
- empoyee health (1)
- endogenous environmental risk (1)
- energy efficiency (1)
- entrepreneural learning (1)
- entrepreneurial empowerment (1)
- entrepreneurial promotion (1)
- entrepreneurs (1)
- environment (1)
- environmental management (1)
- environmental manager (1)
- environmental risk (1)
- environmental strategy (1)
- error management (1)
- executive compensation (1)
- exit (1)
- export exit (1)
- exports (1)
- external appointees (1)
- failure (1)
- family Law (1)
- farmland birds (1)
- financial stability (1)
- fishery (1)
- flame retardant (1)
- flame retardants (1)
- focus on opportunities (1)
- forest (1)
- forest ecology (1)
- forestry (1)
- free-riding (1)
- functional diversity (1)
- funktionale Diversität (1)
- gamification (1)
- gender studies (1)
- genotoxicity (1)
- germination ability (1)
- gesellschaftliche Wirkungen (1)
- global comparative research (1)
- global tourism (1)
- globalization (1)
- governance system (1)
- graphs (1)
- health aid (1)
- health care market (1)
- health-oriented leadership (1)
- heathland ecosystems (1)
- herbivore consumer fitness (1)
- high resolution mass stectrometry (1)
- human resoure management (1)
- human-carnivore conflicts (1)
- hybrid regionalism (1)
- illiberal democracies (1)
- illiberale Demokratie (1)
- impression management (1)
- indicators (1)
- infant entrepreneurs (1)
- infection (1)
- information management (1)
- insects (1)
- insurance value (1)
- integration (1)
- interaction (1)
- interdisciplinarity (1)
- intergenerational justice (1)
- international comparison (1)
- internationaler Vergleich (1)
- interventions (1)
- invertebrates (1)
- investing (1)
- irreversibility (1)
- justice (1)
- keyword-level data (1)
- knowledge management (1)
- knowledge production function (1)
- labor productivity (1)
- labour productivity (1)
- land-use change (1)
- large-N analysis (1)
- leadership (1)
- learning (1)
- levoglucosan (1)
- linked employer-employee data (1)
- literature survey (1)
- lobbyism (1)
- local neighborhood (1)
- lokale Nachbarschaft (1)
- long-range transport (1)
- longitudinal research (1)
- management control (1)
- mixed methods (1)
- moral motivation (1)
- motivation (1)
- multi-level governance (1)
- multi-pollutant emissions (1)
- multi-proxy Paläoumwelt (1)
- multi-prozy palaeoenvironment (1)
- multi-unit auction (1)
- multilevel perspective (1)
- nachhaltige Geschäftsmöglichkeiten (1)
- nachhaltige Landwirtschaft (1)
- nachhaltiger Tourismus (1)
- nanotechnologies (1)
- national space legislation (1)
- nationale Weltraumgesetzgebung (1)
- negotiation . meindest (1)
- networks (1)
- nitrogen deposition (1)
- non-monotonic control (1)
- non-target screening (1)
- numerical dating (1)
- numerische Datierung (1)
- nutrient limitation (1)
- nutrient removal (1)
- nutritional ecology (1)
- occupational choice (1)
- optimal scale (1)
- organisationales Fehlverhalten (1)
- organizational failure (1)
- organizational units (1)
- outsiders (1)
- ozonation products (1)
- paid search campaigns (1)
- palaeoclimate (1)
- palynology (1)
- parasitoids (1)
- participation (1)
- perceptions (1)
- performance analysis (1)
- personality (1)
- personality measures (1)
- personnel management (1)
- personnel selection (1)
- pesticides (1)
- philosophy of science (1)
- plant biodiversity (1)
- polar regions (1)
- policy windows (1)
- political pressure (1)
- political process (1)
- politischer Druck (1)
- politischer Prozess (1)
- pollutants (1)
- poverty (1)
- poverty alleviation (1)
- power industry (1)
- precipitation (1)
- privatization of space activities (1)
- problem (1)
- product marketing (1)
- psychological aspects (1)
- psychological perspective (1)
- psychology (1)
- public good (1)
- public inputs (1)
- public participation (1)
- quantile regression decomposition (1)
- quantile regressions (1)
- randomisiertes Kontrollgruppenexperiment (1)
- rangelands (1)
- reflexive governance (1)
- regime-serving (1)
- regional growth (1)
- regulation (1)
- reliability (1)
- religion (1)
- research evaluation (1)
- resilience (1)
- response distortion (1)
- responsibility (1)
- robustness (1)
- rodents (1)
- saving (1)
- scientific impact (1)
- seawater (1)
- sediment (1)
- seed predation (1)
- selection (1)
- self-employment (1)
- self-protection (1)
- self-regulation (1)
- settleability (1)
- small and medium sized enterprises (1)
- small and medium-sized enterprises (1)
- snowfall (1)
- social desirability scales (1)
- social immunity (1)
- social sustainability (1)
- societal impact (1)
- socio-technical transition (1)
- software (1)
- soil organic carbon (1)
- soil quality (1)
- solar (1)
- southwest ethiopia (1)
- sozial-ökologische Systeme (1)
- sozio-kognitives Modell (1)
- spatial distribution (1)
- species diversity (1)
- staatliche Baunormen (1)
- staatliche Gesetzgebungspraxis (1)
- startup (1)
- stochastic (1)
- stochastic dominance (1)
- stock pollution (1)
- strategic management (1)
- strategisches Management (1)
- strontium bromide (1)
- städtische Bauplanung (1)
- sub-saharan Africa (1)
- supply chain (1)
- sustainability accounting (1)
- sustainability transformation (1)
- sustainability transition (1)
- sustainable agriculture (1)
- sustainable supply management (1)
- sustainable tourism (1)
- sustainable tourism assessments (1)
- sustainibility (1)
- sustainibility management tools (1)
- systema (1)
- systematische Literatur-Review (1)
- systemic risk (1)
- systemic risks (1)
- systemisches Rissiko (1)
- temporal and spatial scaling (1)
- temporal trends (1)
- terrestrial laser scanning (1)
- terrestrisches Laserscanning (1)
- terrorism (1)
- textile supply chain (1)
- time (1)
- tolerance of violence (1)
- tourism future (1)
- tourism impacts (1)
- trade-offs (1)
- traditional settlement (1)
- trainings (1)
- transdisciplinary research (1)
- transdisciplinary sustainability research (1)
- transformation products (1)
- transformations (1)
- transformative potential (1)
- transition management (1)
- travel behavior (1)
- tree resins (1)
- unawareness (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- union density (1)
- unternehmerisches Empowerment (1)
- urbanization (1)
- utilitarianism (1)
- value pluralism (1)
- vegetation structure (1)
- venture capital (1)
- vergleichende Forschung (1)
- viability (1)
- virtual (1)
- wastewater tracers (1)
- wastewater treatment (1)
- water framework directive (1)
- water quality (1)
- water resources management (1)
- wealth distribution (1)
- wellbeing (1)
- wetlands (1)
- whole mixture toxicity (1)
- wind energy (1)
- wirtschaftliches Empowerment (1)
- wissenschaftliche Wirkungen (1)
- women entrepreneurship (1)
- work engagement (1)
- works councils (1)
- yield (1)
- Ägypten (1)
- Älterer Arbeitnehmer (1)
- Ärger <Motiv> (1)
- Ökosystemdienstleistung (1)
- Ökosystemmanagement (1)
- Überschwemmung (1)
- Übervölkerung (1)
- Überzeugung (1)
- ökonomisches Verhalten (1)
Institut
- Fakultät Nachhaltigkeit (56)
- Frühere Fachbereiche (50)
- Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften (43)
- Institut für Ökologie (IE) (28)
- Nachhaltigkeitsmgmt./-ökologie (19)
- VWL (15)
- Institut für Nachhaltigkeitssteuerung (INSUGO) (14)
- BWL (12)
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie und Umweltchemie (INUC) (12)
- Institut für Politikwissenschaft (IPW) (11)
- Psychologie/Wirtschaftspsychologie (11)
- Chemie (10)
- Institut für Ethik und Transdisziplinäre Nachhaltigkeitsforschung (IETSR) (9)
- Institut für Management und Organisation (IMO) (9)
- Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre (IVWL) (9)
- Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik (IIS) (9)
- Centre for Sustainability Management (CSM) (8)
- Institut für Management, Accounting & Finance (IMAF) (6)
- Fakultät Kulturwissenschaften (5)
- Institut für Kultur und Ästhetik Digitaler Medien (ICAM) (5)
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute (SESI) (5)
- Institut für Bank-, Finanz und Gründungsmanagement (IBFG) (4)
- Institut für Experimentelle Wirtschaftspsychologie (Lünelab) (4)
- Institut für Produkt und Prozessinnovation (PPI) (4)
- Nachhaltigkeit (4)
- Fakultät Bildung (3)
- Fakultät Management und Technologie (3)
- Institut für Psychologie (IFP) (3)
- Institut für Umweltkommunikation (INFU) (3)
- Berufs- und Wirtschaftspäd. (2)
- Informatik/Wirtschaftsinformatik (2)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaften (2)
- Competition & Regulation Institute (CRI) (1)
- Institut für Bewegung, Sport und Gesundheit (IBSG) (1)
- Institut für Bildung für Nachhaltige Entwicklung und Psychologie (IBP) (1)
- Institut für Bildungswissenschaft (IBIWI) (1)
- Institut für Ethik und Theologie (IET) (1)
- Institut für Mathematik und ihre Didaktik (IMD) (1)
- Institut für Nachhaltige Chemie (INSC) (1)
- Institut für Philosophie und Kunstwissenschaft (IPK) (1)
- Institut für Produktionstechnik und-Systeme (IPTS) (1)
- Institut für Soziologie und Kulturorganisation (ISKO) (1)
- Institut für Stadt- und Kulturraumforschung (IFSK) (1)
- Institute of English Studies (IES) (1)
- Institut für Management, Accounting & Finance (IMAF) (1)
- Kulturvermittlung (1)
- Kulturwissenschaften (1)
- Professional School (1)
- Recht/Wirtschaftsrecht (1)
- Umweltplanung (1)
- Zukunftszentrum Lehrerbildung (ZZL) (1)
Since its establishment, the African Union (AU) has assumed an important role in matters of peace and security on the continent. This doctoral dissertation is dedicated to its conflict and crisis interventions and seeks to identify as well as subsequently explain the broader patterns that have emerged. The dissertation posits that neither the AU’s regime-serving roots, which emphasize the primacy of incumbents’ parochial interests, nor the AU’s problem-solving commitment, which emphasizes the pursuit of its declared organizational mission, can convincingly explain these patterns on their own. Instead, we should understand the AU as being driven by two different logics of cooperation at the same time: a problem-solving and a regime-serving logic. Across its three constitutive articles, the dissertation makes empirical as well as theoretical contributions to the existing literature. Empirically, it offers a broad and systematic analysis of AU interventions over time, across different intervention types, and without bias towards high-profile cases. The novel dataset, on which the dissertation builds, constitutes the hitherto most comprehensive effort to capture the AU’s responses to crises and conflicts. Theoretically, the dissertation develops a set of testable theory-driven expectations based on the notion of two different logics of cooperation. While identifiable in the literature on the AU and linking to broader existing debates on international cooperation, the dissertation breaks ground by clearly outlining the implications of each logic and bringing them together under a single theoretical framework. Jointly, the articles provided strong evidence that the AU is indeed driven by both a problem-solving and a regime-serving logic of cooperation, and that this serves as the foundation for explaining the AU’s broader intervention patterns. This contributes not only to a better understanding of AU interventions but also has a chance to enrich other important debates, including the debates on African regionalism, comparative regionalism, and multilateral interventions.
Motivation: Artificial intelligence, most prominently in the form of machine learning, is shaping up to be one of the most transformational technologies of the 21st century. Auditors are among the professions forecasted to be the most affected by artificial intelligence, as the profession encompasses many highly structured and repetitive tasks. Automating such tasks would naturally increase the efficiency of financial statement audits. By allowing auditors to focus on higher value-added tasks, and the capability to analyze large volumes of data at a fracture of the time a human would need, artificial intelligence would also benefit the effectiveness of auditing. Despite these benefits, to this day, the actual adoption of artificial intelligence in the audit domain remains rather limited. The audit profession is highly regulated and has to consider requirements regarding, e.g. the application of professional standards, codes of conduct, and data protection obligations. Hence, the question arises of how audit firms can be supported in their efforts to adopt artificial intelligence and how machine learning systems can be designed to comply with the specific demands of the audit domain.
Research Approach: The goal of this dissertation is to better understand the adoption of artificial intelligence in the audit domain and to actively support the adoption of artificial intelligence in auditing based on this understanding. To this end, we employ a mixture of research methods. On the one hand, the research presented here adopts a qualitative approach, examining the adoption of artificial intelligence and other advanced analytical technologies of the audit domain through taxonomy development and grounded theory. The findings of these studies inspire the second stream of work within this dissertation, which adopts a quantitative and design-oriented approach: It focuses on using machine learning to extract information from invoices for tests of details. Tests of details are essential substantive audit procedures used in nearly every audit. This dissertation proposes a new machine learning model architecture for information extraction from invoices, compares different machine learning models, and proposes design principles for machine learning pipelines for an audit application addressing the test of details through action design research.
Contribution: This dissertation presents several contributions to the research on the adoption of artificial intelligence in auditing. To form an initial understanding of the problem environment around the application of artificial intelligence to auditing, we developed a taxonomy. The taxonomy integrates the audit and technology perspective in a structured manner and supports the description of use cases in the audit domain. The dissertation further presents a process theory that illustrates how audit firms adopt artificial intelligence and other advanced data analytics technologies. The study uses a previously unused theoretical perspective, which allows for contextualizing known technology adoption factors in the audit domain. Based on the understanding of the problem environment obtained through the taxonomy and process theory, we engaged in developing artifacts and methods for applying information extraction from invoices. Here, we offer the first contribution by developing a novel graph-based neural network architecture and showing its ability to extract information accurately from invoice data sets with a significant layout variance. The second contribution deepens the understanding of the effects of layout distributions on the generalization ability of neural networks: We compared different model types and disaggregated the evaluation into in-sample and out-of- sample layouts. We show that the gap in accuracy between in- and out-of-sample layouts varies across models. To arrive at these results, we developed an end-to-end machine learning pipeline. As part of the last contribution of this dissertation, we automatically orchestrated this pipeline which serves as a structured approach to evaluate and deploy machine learning models for information extraction from invoices. We designed it such that new models from the continuously flowing stream of research are easily integrated. By reflecting on the genesis of the pipeline and the design choices that guided its emergence, we also propose a set of design principles for information extraction pipelines in audit tools.
Limitations: The results presented in this dissertation must be seen in the light of some limitations. First, we obtained the taxonomy’s dimensions and characteristics to describe use cases from the scientific literature. Use cases only identified in practice might not be characterized in their entirety by the taxonomy. The presented process theory is grounded in data obtained from expert interviews. Hence, the sampling of interview partners can affect its generalizability. For instance, most of our interview partners are located in Germany and take on roles in the upper management of their respective organizations. The results presented in the design-oriented studies are limited by the characteristics of the available data sets. These characteristics include the languages of the documents, which is primarily English, their quantity, and the recurring vendor layouts. Finally, we conducted the action design-oriented research within a large multinational audit firm. Hence, the requirements for the developed artifact and the proposed design principles might not be transferable to smaller firms.
Future Research: Several threads are laid out in the presented body of work that may be picked up in future research endeavors. The taxonomy could be updated to the most recent developments in artificial intelligence, such as generative and conversational systems. In the process theory, the nature of the relationship between the contextual factors and the adoption process could be explored in more detail. Concerning information extraction for the test of details, future research could explore how the extraction results could be parsed into standardized formats or how they could be internally validated. Larger audit firms have clients from a variety of countries, which begs the question of whether language-specific models or multilingual models are better. In this context, the need for labeled training data poses a challenge for adapting models to different languages. Therefore, future inquiries could explore how the utilization of training paradigms such as active learning to reduce the need for labeled training data.
Over the past two decades, transitions research has witnessed rapid development. However, there is still a notable gap in our understanding of sustainability transitions in conflict settings and the role of international organizations in these transitions. Little is known about the dynamics of power, limiting and facilitating factors, and the role of (international) actors in sustainability transitions in conflict settings. This dissertation seeks to make contributions to these discussions by examining energy transitions in Afghanistan, a conflict-affected country, between 2001 and 2021. It specifically focuses on the involvement of international development organizations, shedding light on their role in energy access, institutional change, and imagining Afghanistan’s future energy system development.
After security, access to affordable energy is frequently reported to be Afghanistan’s most pressing need. Following the fall of the first Taliban regime in 2001, billions of dollars and dozens of international development organizations poured into Afghanistan to support the reconstruction of the country including its energy sector. In the twenty years between 2001 and 2021, the government of Afghanistan and the international development organizations worked on various aspects of energy system development despite on-going insurgency and threats against infrastructural projects. After two decades of armed opposition, the Taliban regained power on August 15, 2021, resulting in the suspension of operations for most development organizations, with only a few humanitarian agencies remaining active. Within this context, this thesis explores topics such as the country’s energy potential and policy, the role of international development organizations in the energy sector, and visions for a future energy system in Afghanistan.
The research conducted for this thesis employed a qualitative case study approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The key findings of this research can be summarized as follows: Afghanistan possesses a renewable energy potential exceeding 300 GW, encompassing 23 GW of hydro power (across all scales), 220 GW of solar power, 67 GW of wind power, and 4 GW of biomass. However, the domestic installed capacity remains limited, ranging between 600 and 700 MW, mainly sourced from large hydro facilities and thermal plants, with renewable energy playing a minor role. Throughout the period of 2001-2021, Afghanistan heavily relied on electricity imports from Central Asian countries, fulfilling around 80% of its electricity needs. International development organizations played a crucial role in assisting the governments of Afghanistan in establishing a regulatory framework for the energy sector. Notably, they contributed to the development of key laws and policy documents, such as the Renewable Energy Policy, which outlines Afghanistan's objective of sourcing 95% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2032.
Further findings of this research concern firstly the role of international organizations in institutional change and secondly the energy imaginaries in the conflict-affected setting of Afghanistan. Throughout their 20-year involvement, international organizations sought
VIII International Organizations and Energy Transitions in Afghanistan
wide-ranging institutional changes in relation to the energy sector of Afghanistan. These included (a) the development of a regulatory framework for the sector involving several organizational and regulative changes, (b) extensive privatization efforts including corporatization of the state-owned energy utility DABS, and (c) empowerment of women in both general and energy-specific contexts.
In terms of energy imaginaries, a dominant imaginary is that of ‘Afghanistan as an energy corridor’ between Central Asia and South Asia, which is supported by the government and several powerful actors. When considering energy sources, experts advocate for a least-cost supply approach, regardless of the specific energy sources. Additionally, experts recommend implementing small-scale off-grid projects in remote and sparsely populated rural areas, while advocating for grid-connected large-scale projects in urban areas. The suggestion for off-grid projects stems from their resilience in the face of armed conflicts, such as the numerous attacks documented on energy projects in Afghanistan. This research contributes to literature on the role of international organizations in sustainability transitions, transitions in conflict settings, and the energy sector of Afghanistan.
Keywords: Afghanistan; International development organizations; Energy Transitions; Sustainability transitions; Fragile and conflict settings
The emergence of sustainability as a guiding principle for tourism development came along with needs to introduce instruments that can monitor the actual impacts of tourism. Sustainability assessments in tourism (SAT) have gained popularity in recent years with a range of measurement schemes being introduced for national and subnational tourism destinations. With the help of sustainability indicators these schemes intend to guide decision-makers in making better evidence-informed decisions and to improve the overall sustainability performance of tourism. Yet, sustainability assessments have hardly led to changes in organisational or management structures in tourism in the last years.
With this dissertation I aim to contribute to a deeper understanding of the implementation and performance of sustainability assessments, by linking transformative needs of tourism with necessary assessment approaches that can serve as effective instruments for a shift towards a more sustainable tourism development. Thus, the research is part of recent efforts to establish profound and effective measurement approaches for sustainable tourism.
I employ a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative, quantitative, set-theoretic, and review methods, with the aim of maximising the validity of results. First, I explore the general progress and current state of research on sustainability assessments in tourism, with the intention to identify patterns, key elements and research gaps within assessment approaches This is followed by subsequent detailed analyses that examine specific environmental and socio-economic sustainability issues with the aim of providing conceptual, methodological and empirical solutions for assessing them in detail.
My dissertation highlights that concrete assessment tools are needed for evidence-informed decision-making and the establishment of effective actions in destination management. The findings indicate that assessments will be more successful in terms of serving as tools for decision-making, if they tackle main drivers of change and encourage management or policymakers to take decisions that affect multiple sustainability issues. It also reviews different concepts and accounting principles and rises awareness of a cautious selection of methods and measurement approaches, as this may affect overall results. The thesis empirically evaluates and applies different measurement approaches in specific destinations, with the help of quantitative and qualitative data collection methodologies. In general, my thesis provides further clarification about key environmental and socio-economic measurement methodologies, which supports ongoing debates about sustainability impacts of tourism. Thus, the research contributes to knowledge, frameworks, methodologies and practical application for tourism governance and tourism sustainability science.
Despite warnings from scientists and from society starting in the 1970s, we have long overshot our planetary boundaries – eroding biodiversity, changing our landscapes, and polluting our soil and atmosphere. Yes, efforts to change the unsustainable trajectories of our Earth system have increased through, for example, the Millennium Goals, the Sustainable Development Goals, or the Aichi Targets, but to no avail. The interventions to increase sustainability are conflicting on local, national and global levels, and often prioritise quick-fixes and short-term solutions instead of tackling the root causes of the “sustainability gap”. We, hence, need to find “places to intervene in complex systems that bring about transformative change” (Meadows 1999) – a premise and concept that Donella Meadows calls “leverage points”. Based on her seminal work, a team from the Leuphana University has identified three “realms of leverage” in which changes may lead to system transformation (Abson et al. 2017). One of these realms is the reconnection of humans to nature. In this habilitation, I focus on this realm of leverage and aim to (1) enhance the understanding of the influence of landscape change on human-nature relations through empirical, place-based research and comparisons across landscapes in different countries and continents; (2) identify and clarify the new concepts of relational values and leverage points; and (3) highlight empirical evidence on leverage points to foster human-nature relations for sustainability transformation, building mainly on empirical work done in six landscapes in Transylvania, Romania and Lower Saxony, Germany, but also including case studies from Ethiopia and India, systematic literature reviews and conceptual pieces. This thesis showed that cultural landscapes are changing with astonishingly comparable trajectories toward unsustainable futures. Our earth’s current environmental and climate crisis will continue to erode the fundaments of sustainability, hence, re-connecting humans to nature is of outstanding significance for transformative change. Identifying leverage points and implementing an intervention to strengthen human–nature relations will be a great challenge in the coming years. One possible leverage point can be strengthening experiential and emotional dimensions, as they specifically shape the connections people have with cultural landscapes. Further, this thesis highlighted the importance of the interlinkages between shallow and deep leverage points. Our results show that structurally complex landscapes and structurally rich social relations mediated by nature are interlinked and strengthening one, may strengthen the other. Moreover, strengthening sense of place and a sense of agency may enable self- and re-organization of cultural landscapes by opening the possibility to renegotiate people’s values for values and the goals of the social-ecological system, which, in turn, may enhance the structural diversity of landscapes and small-scale agriculture. Our results presented in this thesis also lay the ground for the hypothesis that degrading landscapes might also degrade social relations, which, in turn, can lead to contrasts and conflicts between actors and social groups. Although much work is still necessary to foster transformative change, this thesis offers innovative approaches. This thesis created and popularised the “Leverage points perspective”, including “chains of leverage”, as well as producing novel insights on human-nature relations – such as the distinction of human-nature connectedness and relational values, classifying relational value groups and empirically assessing dimensions of human-nature connectedness and relational values concerning landscape change and landscape features. These novel contributions can have wide-ranging impacts on the scientific discussions and societal implementation of interventions for sustainability.
Leverage points to foster human-nature relations for sustainability transformation
Considering the historical relationship of subordination from the Global South countries to the Global North countries, this research aims to understand how culture is instrumentalized in the Peruvian political arena looking to achieve Western development standards. By focusing on the Commission of Culture and Heritage of the Congress of Peru, period 2016-2017, as its case study, it will do a discourse analysis to try to find the spheres in which developmental ideology is produced and reproduced. Those findings will be later discussed under decolonial thought and dependency theories.
The global loss of biodiversity has been widely studied, yet it has many different facets depending on the context. Key drivers for biodiversity loss are anthropogenic, including agricultural intensification, expansion and land abandonment. Though the loss of biological diversity is an ecological phenomenon, it also has a social dimension. This makes the study of the social landscape, encompassing the multitude of perspectives and aspirations by different stakeholders, highly relevant for better navigating trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and other land use objectives. Engaging with and addressing contextual understandings of biodiversity is vital to develop socially palatable solutions for biodiversity loss. This dissertation, therefore, takes a place-based approach to studying biodiversity conservation trade-offs and seeks to understand how the perspectives and aspirations of different stakeholders shape them. First, it aims to identify shared viewpoints as ensembles of perceptions and meanings about human-nature relations and biodiversity (research aim 1). Second, it aims to understand how biodiversity is valued and constructed in stakeholders’ aspirations towards their landscape (research aim 2). To this end, a convergent mixed methods approach and case study design are used. Two cases were selected that face different underlying drivers of land-use change, resulting in loss of biodiversity. The Muttama Creek Catchment area is a farming landscape in south-eastern Australia where the ongoing intensification of agricultural production threatens native biodiversity. In the Spreewald Biosphere Reserve in north-eastern Germany, land abandonment and the resulting loss of the biodiversity-rich wet meadows presents a key challenge for biodiversity conservation. Narratives and discourses provide conceptual lenses through which I study biodiversity conservation trade-offs. Drawing on Q-methodology, this dissertation identifies biodiversity-production discourses for the first case study and cultural landscape narratives for the second case study. Moreover, based on a participatory futures approach, the Three Horizons Framework, it elicits narratives of change that highlight opportunities for biodiversity conservation in farming landscapes.
The findings highlight that despite some overlap in how stakeholders perceive biodiversity, contrasting problem framings and different biodiversity priorities present hindrances to concerted action to protect biodiversity and for collaboration (research aim 1). The findings also identify shared values among stakeholders (research aim 2). However, there is polarity and contestation around the role and importance of biodiversity in rural development. In conclusion, the findings contribute to three key themes in sustainability science and conservation debates: (1) They support calls for more inclusive and pluralistic biodiversity governance and highlight the need to engage holistically with multiple trade-offs with biodiversity conservation. (2) The empirical findings highlight the potential for stewardship as a broad value for place-based actions and biodiversity disvalues as another realm of engagement to improve conservation outcomes. (3) This dissertation demonstrates how a participatory approach helped identify opportunities for change and supported collective sensemaking about current issues and ways forward. Arts-based research is suggested as an avenue for future research to engage with different ways of knowing and thinking. In conclusion, this dissertation highlights how people value biodiversity differently based on their relative perspectives, the role of biodiversity in aspirations for the future and what this means for governing the transformative changes needed to address the issue of biodiversity loss.
As human rights evolved to become part of a dominant moral discourse in world politics, regional organisations (ROs) often portray themselves in the language of human rights. Facing growing contestation and politicisation, they have also gradually begun to legitimate their authority drawing on human rights. Yet not all ROs do so to the same extent, in the same manner, or consistently over time. ROs with a long tradition in human rights work and democratic membership, such as the Council of Europe use it highly consistently. ROs with no historical record of human rights protection and autocratic membership, such as the Arab League (LoAS) use it too, although more irregularly. This begs the question: why and how do ROs use human rights for self-legitimation? To answers this research question, I combine a macro analysis using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) on 23 ROs from 1980 to 2019 with a micro analysis via process-tracing in two cases – LoAS and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).
Ultimately, ROs use human rights in their legitimation because they strive for congruence. When norms, values, and moral principles purported and embodied by the RO are congruent with those of its core constituency and all relevant audiences, I observe human rights legitimation. I argue that the degree of congruence combines with different degrees of delegitimation stemming from the distinct constellation of agents and audiences of legitimation. I circumscribe this via four types of human rights legitimisers. Testing existing theories on legitimacy, legitimation, and human rights, the QCA suggests that ‘Self-containing Legitimisers’ are ROs with a status quo of congruence between the RO and its core constituency. ‘Signalling Legitimisers’ irregularly use human rights legitimation as a signal to respond to additional audiences. Thanks to the case studies, I further refine existing theory. CARICOM constitutes a case of a ‘Reviving Legitimisers’ where delegitimation towards their core constituency occurs to which it reacts by reviving what it embodies which entails including human rights in its legitimation. With LoAS, I observe a ‘Brokering Legitimisers’ in which case delegitimation is on the verge of a legitimacy crisis, but its Secretary General manages to broker human rights to two diverging audiences thanks to localisation. Thus, this book contributes to existing research first by providing an explanation of how a distinct norm is used in self-legitimation, second by nuancing our understanding of agents and audiences of legitimation, and third by introducing the concept of localisation to the study of legitimation.
Key words: Human Rights, Self-Legitimation, Regional Organisations, Legitimacy, International Authority, Norm Diffusion, League of Arab States, Caribbean Community, Global South, International Institutions
Tropical ecosystems are critical for biodiversity conservation and local people’s livelihood sustenance. However, these ecosystems are under high pressure from land-use and land cover (LULC) change, which is further projected to intensify and increase rapidly, thereby affecting biodiversity and the provisioning of vital ecosystem services (ES). It is thus important to understand how LULC might change in the future and how such changes could affect biodiversity and ES provisioning in a given landscape of tropical ecosystems. Scenario planning has become an increasingly popular tool and technique to produce narrative scenarios of the future landscape change. Thus, quantifying changes under different land-use scenarios could be a means to elucidate the synergies and trade-offs within the scenarios. In this dissertation, I examine the future of biodiversity and ES provisioning for different plausible land-use scenarios in southwestern Ethiopia.
First, I translated four future plausible narrative social-ecological land-use scenarios (namely, ‘Gain over grain’, ‘Coffee and conservation’, ‘Mining green gold’ and ‘Food first’) developed for southwestern Ethiopia by participatory scenario planning into spatially explicit LULC scenario maps. Results showed distinct LULC changes under each scenario. For instance, forest cover under the ‘Gain over grain’ and ‘Coffee and conservation’ scenarios remained similar to the current landscape covering about half of the landscape, in contrast it decreased by 27% and by about 18% under ‘Mining green gold’ and ‘Food first’ scenarios, respectively. Coffee plantation and arable land for cereal crop production covered about half of the landscape under ‘Mining green gold’ and ‘Food first’ scenarios, respectively. Second, I investigated the impact of these land-use scenarios on biodiversity by specifically modelling woody plant species richness in farmland and forest. Both indicators of human disturbance and environmental conditions were used. The results indicated that the ‘Mining green gold’ and ‘Food first’ scenarios would result in strong losses of biodiversity, whereas the ‘Gain over grain’ scenario largely maintained biodiversity relative to the baseline. Only the ‘Coffee and conservation’ scenario showed positive changes for biodiversity that are likely viable in the long run. Third, I also investigated the effect of these land-use scenarios on woody plant-based ES provisioning by combining woody plant species with household surveys on how woody plants were used by the local community. I modelled and predicted the current and future availability of woody plant-based ES under the four scenarios of landscape change. The results showed that land-use scenarios with intensified food or cash crop cultivation would lead to the contraction of woody-plant based ES from farmland to forest patches, implying increased pressure on remaining forest patches. In such a context, attempts to ‘spare’ forest patches from local people will likely be ineffective or alternatively, will have serious negative consequences for local livelihoods. I further modelled and mapped the spatial distribution of six ES: two regulating services (erosion control and carbon storage), three provisioning services (coffee production, crop production and livestock feed) and a supporting service (woody plant richness) for the current landscape and the four land-use scenarios. Results showed smallholder farmers specializing on cash crops (‘Gain over grain’ scenario) would likely cause little change to ES generation, but major losses in ES would result from intensification scenarios (‘Mining green gold’ and ‘Food first’). Finally, the ‘Coffee and conservation’ scenario appears to be the most sustainable scenario because it would secure diverse ES in the long run. This study provides methodological and empirical contributions to the developing fields of scenario planning, social-ecological systems analysis, conservation and landscape change sciences. In addition, it has practical implications for local stakeholders and decision-makers, who can draw on findings for a better-informed land-use management.
Overall, the findings of this dissertation showed the importance of integrating future land-use mapping with participatory, narrative-based scenarios to assess the social-ecological outcomes of alternative futures. The spatially explicit maps of LULC change, biodiversity and ES (at different scales) could be used as a valuable input to support stakeholders and decision-makers to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of different development trajectories on ecosystems and human well-being and to avoid or minimize future undesirable consequences. To this end, apart from the benefits of coffee production under ‘Mining green gold’ and crop production under ‘Food first’ scenarios, the findings under these scenarios of large-scale agricultural intensification point to a potentially high loss of biodiversity and ES. These two scenarios could have a negative long-term impact on ecosystems and human well-being. Finally, the ‘Coffee and conservation’ scenario, which involves the creation of a new biosphere reserve, appears to be the most sustainable scenario. This scenario could result in a sustainably managed, diversified landscape which could make major contributions to biodiversity conservation and human well-being in the region and beyond.
This thesis deals with sustainability in African Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and the influence of language in achieving sustainable development. Several authors highlighted the existing imbalance of sustainability research in higher education, with most publications focusing on the so-called Global North. Little is known about sustainability in the so-called Global South, and in African educational institutions in particular. The first article of this thesis investigated existing sustainability activities in African HEIs. Rather than focusing on the shortcomings, the paper took a positive stance, opposing the predominant language of deficits in research on Africa. In the Delphi study conducted, 32 experts from 29 HEIs in 16 African countries described the sustainability activities they are engaging in. Experts provided information about their experiences in their respective HEI, while language and culture emerged as areas in need of further research. The second article therefore focused on the relationship between language and education for sustainable development in African educational institutions, and systematically reviewed scholarly literature regarding this connection. Authors of the reviewed 33 papers approached this connection mainly on a theoretical and philosophical level, focusing on education and Africa as a whole rather than specified forms of education in specific countries. The third article examined the views of Tanzanian higher education students and graduates regarding language and sustainability. Participants explained how they integrate sustainability and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into their research and how they approach translations in the process. In the ensuing interviews, participants estimated that only a fraction of people outside of academia are aware of sustainability and the
SDGs, rendering the achievement of target 4.7 unlikely. This thesis therefore contributes to a better understanding of the current challenges in implementing sustainability and the SDGs in African educational institutions. It highlights the need to integrate (local) African languages in order for sustainability activities as well as the SDGs to be successful, and to keep the pledge to leave no one behind.