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Institute
- Nachhaltigkeitsmgmt./-ökologie (48) (remove)
In spite of growing interest in companies’ contribution to sustainable development, the implementation of corporate sustainability, i.e. the integration of environmental, social, and economic issues, is not well understood. This cumulative PhD thesis aims to answer the research question whether sustainability management is only a transitory management fashion, or whether an effective implementation is actually taking place. The thesis consists of five papers, which are either published in refereed academic journals, accepted to be published, or planned to be resubmitted. The papers analyze three important elements of the implementation of corporate sustainability: motivation (why?), organizational units (who?) and management tools (how?). Combining these three elements supplies a framework for discussing the implementation of corporate sustainability management. The results, which are mostly based on surveys of large German companies, reveal that companies predominantly manage corporate sustainability because they seek legitimacy, rather than a competitive advantage, and because they follow acknowledged standards, guidelines, or ratings (institutional isomorphism) – possibly out of uncertainty on how to best handle a concept so complex and novel. Public relations is the organizational unit engaging in sustainability management most strongly, whereas accounting, finance, and management control engage the least. Hence, corporate sustainability is currently not implemented as a crossfunctional approach. Yet, there is indication of a growing strategic relevance of corporate sustainability. This is also reflected in the awareness and application of sustainability management tools, which have been increasing continuously between 2002 and 2010 – especially in terms of integrative tools serving to balance environmental, social, and economic issues. Furthermore, market incentives are gaining in importance over time. The thesis relates these results to management fashion theory. Although there is some indication that sustainability management might in fact be a transitory fashion, an analysis over time reveals an ongoing development of the elements analyzed. Thereby, the thesis demonstrates that corporate sustainability management can be considered more than a management fashion. One implication of the analysis is that both companies and researchers are called upon to foster the implementation of corporate sustainability, with positive incentives, e.g. by markets and consumers, turning out to be promising starting points. As opposed to pressure and expectations by stakeholders, focusing on opportunities might be more suitable to induce actual change of processes, products, services, or even business models in companies. In conclusion, the author hopes to make a significant contribution to the discussion on the implementation of corporate sustainability and to stimulate the development of new theoretical approaches.
Die Verringerung des Material- und Ressourcenverbrauchs ist eine wesentliche Herausforderung nachhaltiger Entwicklung. Bislang standen und stehen politische Maßnahmen zur Energieeffizienz im Vordergrund. Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Materialeffizienz gewinnen jedoch verstärkt an Bedeutung. Der Erfolg oder Misserfolg politischer Instrumente im Umwelt- und Klimaschutzbereich wird maßgeblich davon abhängen, ob die Instrumente die Fähigkeit besitzen, eine Entkoppelung von Lebensqualität und Ressourcenverbrauch zu erzeugen. Insbesondere im Rahmen der Ökodesign-Richtlinie, aber auch anderer Instrumente der Europäischen Union, sind Ansatzpunkte zur politischen Gestaltung einer ressourcenleichten Langfristökonomie angelegt. Die Dissertation wird schwerpunktmäßig die Governance-Instrumente im Produktbereich der Europäischen Union behandeln. Die Dissertation folgt der Theorie, dass die Produkte der Industriegesellschaft einzeln mehr oder weniger harmlos, in ihrer Menge jedoch die Quelle fast aller Umweltprobleme sind. Zur Erstellung der Dissertation sieht das spezifische Methodendesign die Anwendung eines Kriterienkatalogs zur Bewertung der Steuerungsinstrumente für Langfristökonomie im Produktbereich vor. Darüber hinaus werden die Hauptakteure in Form von Interviews befragt.
Der Klimawandel wird die Gesellschaft in Zukunft immer stärker beeinflussen. In der Arbeit wird untersucht, wie die direkten Auswirkungen und die daran anschließenden Klimaschutz- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen regionale Konfliktsituationen verändern können. Untersucht werden bisherige Konflikte des Tourismussektors mit anderen nicht-touristischen Akteursgruppen sowie mögliche Konfliktpotenziale durch den Klimawandel am Beispiel der Destinationen Schwarzwald und schleswig-holsteinische Nordseeküste. Qualitative Experteninterviews geben Hinweise darauf, dass besonders die Mitigations- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen, die sonst eher als Konfliktlösung eine Rolle spielen, ein bedeutendes und bisher unterschätztes Konfliktpotenzial bergen. Formelle Verfahren, aber auch eine zusätzliche informelle Beteiligung werden von den Akteuren vor Ort als Konfliktregelungsmechanismen befürwortet.
Auf Grund der stetig wachsenden Menge an Daten gewinnt die automatische Datenanalyse durch Algorithmen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Im Speziellen trägt die Analyse von Texten ohne manuelles Zutun zu einer erhebliche Erleichterung der Extraktion von relevanten Informationen bei. Sprachliche Informationen können neben der Zuordnung zu Kategorien auf Regeln und Muster untersucht werden. Diese Art der Untersuchung fällt in den Bereich des Text Minings und in der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es darum, eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit nachzuempfinden. Es soll geprüft werden, in wie weit automatisierte Verfahren in der Lage sind, Ergebnisse einer bereits bestehenden Untersuchung zu erzielen. In der Durchführung werden mit der OpenSource Software RapidMiner vier Prozesse erstellt, die darauf abzielen, Zeitungsartikel auf ihren Inhalt zu analysieren. Unter anderem werden eine Assoziationsanalyse und eine Klassifikation realisiert, deren Ziel es ist, den Kontext und die Verwendung des Begriffes der Nachhaltigkeit in den Medien zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende Studie will prüfen, ob automatisierten Methoden im Vergleich zu manuellen Verfahren hinreichende Ergebnisse liefern können, sodass die hiesigen Resultate an denen der zu Grunde gelegten Studie von Fischer und Haucke gemessen werden sollen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Realisierung einer Inhaltsanalyse mit RapidMiner möglich ist und zu erheblichen Zeiteinsparungen gegenüber konventionellen Verfahren führt. Sie zeigen jedoch auch, dass sich die Minderung des Aufwandes in der Ergebnisqualität widerspiegelt und somit der alleinige Einsatz von Text Mining Verfahren zur Analyse von spezifischen Kontexten noch nicht ausreichend ist.
Responsibility for sustainability is an action guiding concept which relates the abstract norm of sustainability with concrete action contexts. It thereby specifies what bearers of responsibility ought to do. In this thesis, I introduce the concept of responsibility to economic theory, focusing specifically on individual and governmental responsibility for sustainability. Some of the questions I examine are: how should responsibility be distributed among agents? How can agents, who are responsible for several normative aims, solve trade-offs? Do governmental policies affect individuals’ ability to assume responsibility? How can individuals efficiently induce governments to act responsibly? In Paper 1, A utilitarian notion of responsibility for sustainability, I conceptualize and formalize a utilitarian notion of responsibility for sustainability which I then relate to established normative criteria for assessing intertemporal societal choice. I show that responsibility for sustainability can be unambiguously conceptualized in economic models. Furthermore, I affirm that responsibility may provide action guidance even if the aim of sustainability is not feasible. In Paper 2, Verantwortung von Konsumenten für Nachhaltigkeit, I study consumers’ responsibility for sustainability. Particularly, I specify crucial components of this responsibility in order to analyze the relation of consumers’ private and political responsibility. I show that the responsibility for sustainability of consumers comprises three indispensable obligations of which only one concerns consumers’ consumption choices. In Paper 3, Regulation of morally responsible agents with motivation crowding, I focus on the impact of governmental policies on the motivation of an individual to assume moral responsibility. In particular, I study the regulation of a morally responsible individual with motivation crowding in the context of a negative externality. I show that combining consumption taxes with the provision of perfect information is, in many cases, superior to consumption taxes alone. In Paper 4, Endogenous Environmental Policy when Pollution is Transboundary, I examine how individuals which form lobby groups affect the determination of environmental policy when governments seek not only to maximize welfare, but simultaneous maximize support by lobby groups. More specifically, I consider the case in which two countries are linked through transboundary pollution. Environmental policies adopted by self-interested governments may be more stringent than by social welfare maximizing governments. Furthermore, due to the interaction of distortions the space of optimal policies increases: politically optimal tax rates may be too high or too low to optimally internalize the environmental externality.
Traditional farming landscapes have been created in coexistence of rural dwellers and local ecosystems over long time spans, and can be considered tightly coupled ´social-ecological systems´ (SES). Since these landscapes typically embody exceptionally high levels of biological diversity and multiple socio-cultural values, their protection is critical from a sustainability perspective. Due to the pressures of globalization and social change, however, rural livelihoods and farmland biodiversity are at risk. While the focus of research is often on the Southern hemisphere, there are traditional farming landscapes in the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) which are equally affected by rapid change, and thus deserve particular attention. Since the institutional breakdown of socialism in 1989, the CEE states have not only been confronted with an unprecedented socio-economic and environmental transition. Their integration into the multi-level governance regime of the European Union (EU) further resulted in the transformation of decision-making structures and competition within the EU common market. In light of the profound changes traditional farming landscapes of Central and Eastern Europe are confronted with, they serve as a valuable source of learning about the institutional design necessary to harmonize socio-economic development and biodiversity conservation within regional social-ecological systems worldwide. This thesis is the result of an in-depth analysis of one traditional farming landscape of Central and Eastern Europe, namely Southern Transylvania (Romania). Based on empirical research involving diverse stakeholder groups, this thesis assessed the impact of EU policy on the area, the institutional features characterizing local-level governance in Southern Transylvania, and the barriers and bridges towards sustainable rural development. This thesis finds that while rural dwellers are highly dependent on smallholder farming and local ecosystems for their livelihoods, Southern Transylvania is currently confronted with a range of structural development barriers. These are likely to be exacerbated by a governance system consisting of historically grounded ´elite social networks´, and by EU policies which often do not fit rural realities. The findings of this dissertation underline that entrenched informal institutions, political will, and historical legacies play a critical role for the governance of traditional social-ecological systems since these ´social system features´ do not only mediate how external policies act on the local level. They may further restrict local adaptive and innovation capacities which, however, are critical for the transformation towards sustainable development. This thesis further finds that there are no blueprint solutions for the design of rural development strategies. Instead, (supra-) national policies should take better account of local socio-economic and cultural particularities.
Fostering sustainable urban mobility at neighborhood-based mobility stations with cargo bikes
(2019)
Forms of Interaction in Sustainable Supply Chain Management : An Analysis of Organisational Spheres
(2013)
This PhD dissertation thesis aims to analyse and discuss how a company can interact with its supply chain stakeholders to facilitate the development of sustainable supply chains. The research is based on empirical and conceptual work and contributes to the field of corporate sustainability, supply chain management and its intersection. The thesis develops a conceptual framework to analyse four organisational spheres of interaction (inter, intra, supra and sub) in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Thereby, further insights into risk and opportunityoriented approaches of companies to SSCM are provided.